Discuss the portrayal of Indian society in this poem Free Essays

Trickery, composed by Rabindranath Tagore is told through the eyes of a storyteller, who is the spouse of Binu. He recounts to an account of Binu and her better half and their coexistence in Indian culture. In the sonnet the depiction of Indian life, is represented through different viewpoints, for example, organized relationships; the class differentiations, Laksmi the goddess, the destitution and endowments. We will compose a custom exposition test on Examine the depiction of Indian culture in this sonnet or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The class qualifications in Hindu society are known as the Caste framework. This is depicted in the sonnet at a few events. When Binu acquaints Rukmini with her better half and clarifies that Rukmini needs cash. ‘She looked at me without flinching, Bowed, pulled back to the stage where she stood gripping a pillar’ This shows clearly Rukmini was in a lower class than Binu’s spouse in light of the manner in which she responded, she bowed to and afterward pulled back from his essence and remained a good ways off. I imagine that Rukmini may have been in the ‘untouchable’ station since she didn't see herself as commendable enough to try and remain within the sight of Binu’s spouse. She needed to proceed to remain a ways off while Binu clarified Rukmini’s requirement for cash. The way that she bowed before him additionally depicts that she was lower class than him since she was giving him an indication of regard. In The Caste framework the Jats figure out which scope of occupations you do. Marriage for the most part occurred between individuals of a similar Jat and individuals regularly kicked the bucket in a similar gathering. There are sure standards that state that individuals in various Jats can't eat, drink or even smoke in every others organization. The word grasping shows the way that Rukmini was edgy and that she truly need assistance, this additionally bolsters she was in the untouchables station. There are four gatherings which are known as the Varna. There is likewise a fifth which are known as the ‘untouchables’. The untouchables didn't have a place with any position. They were known as the Dalit. They were immaculate by the four different ranks. In certain zones even their shadow contacting an individual from the Varnas was considered dirtying. They worked in what was considered dirtying occupations and were never acknowledged by society. The Highest status was known as the Brahmins and this comprised of ministers and intelligent people. I imagine that Binu’s spouse and Binu herself were a piece of this position since it says in the sonnet ‘And started to peruse an English epic that I had bought’ This shows Binu’s spouse was very accomplished in light of the fact that he communicated in English and just the rich and powerful could bear to figure out how to communicate in English. This along these lines underpins the way that Binu and her better half are from the Brahmin’s position. In the citation ‘Whoever knew about something like this? The lady was presumably a sweeper or something similarly disgusting’ The cruel sounding of the word sickening shows the disdain and scorn that the upper rank show towards the untouchables. It shows the way that Rukmini was a piece of the ‘untouchables’ station in light of the fact that Binu’s spouse was stating that Rukmini had some similarly appalling activity, for example, a sweeper. This along these lines would have been viewed as a dirtying work so she would not have been fit to been seen partner with. There is another citation that underpins the way that there were immense differentiations in class. ‘†Where is Rukmini?† They responded blankly†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ This shows Rukmini was insignificant in light of the fact that even the individuals in the lower ranks of the Varna didn't have any kind of thought who Rukmini was, when Binu’s spouse asked after her at the station. The word vacantly shows that despite the fact that Rukmini had worked and inhabited the train station for quite a long time, she was still so immaterial that nobody had even seen that she was there and that she had gone. The main perceived who she was when Binu’s spouse said ‘†The spouse of Jhamru the coolie†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Rukmini was clearly so unimportant that they didn't have any acquaintance with her by name and she used to work at the station. The main explanation that they perceived her was on the grounds that Binu’s spouse recollected the name of her significant other. At that point they just scarcely recalled who she was on the grounds that they perceived the name of Rukmini’s spouse. ‘She lives in the column of hovels by the well over there;’ This additionally connects the way that Rukmini is in the ‘untouchables’ standing since she lives in neediness. She didn't live in an honorably, she lived in a shack, by the side of the train station; she had no land and no cash, not even ready to discover 25 rupees for her little girls settlement. She didn't have a place with one of the four Varna, so she was no one of significance to make a fuss over. The following subject that I will talk about is orchestrated relationships. I imagine that maybe Binu and her better half had, had a masterminded marriage since it says in the sonnet that ‘Left her folks parents in law house just because since marriage’ ‘Our gatherings furtive’ This shows the couple had not met willingly, yet that their folks have organized them to meet. They have just met covertly and on brief events. This shows there was a masterminded marriage since you don't wed somebody that you have just met a couple of times throughout your life. Guardians when searching for a reasonable spouse for their little girl in masterminded relationships need to search for specific things, for example, the social standings that they are in and money related status. It is the girl’s guardians that customarily pay for the wedding as a blessing to the recently marry couple. They give the young lady presents that she is to provide for the groom’s family when she moves in. It is customary that the lady of the hour goes to live in the groom’s family. At the point when the couple wed everything that used to be the wife’s now formally has a place with the spouse. The citation above says that Binu in the wake of living with her folks in-law went out just because. This backings the way that Binu and her significant other have had an organized marriage. Another citation that underpins the way that the couple had, had an orchestrated marriage is ‘The airless sequestration of the joint family’ This depicts the family have lived in exceptionally close contact with Binu and her significant other. I believe that perhaps the family have been meddling with the couple. The word sequestration proposes the way that the family have been meddling with the couple, since sequestration implies walled in area, which recommends that Binu and her significant other were encased with the family they did everything together. ‘Like the everlasting vermilion in the splitting of laksmi’s hair’ Laksmi is the goddess of riches and magnificence. Laksmi is the family unit goddess and she is a most loved among ladies. She is delineated as a lovely lady who has four hands. She is either sitting or remaining on a full sprouted lotus, which represents magnificence virtue and richness. Her four hands speak to the four parts of the bargains Dharma-honorableness Kama-wants Artha-riches Moksha-freedom. In the Krishna avtara Laksmi comes to earth as Rukmini. This is especially intriguing since the Lady that Binu’s spouse was intended to give twenty five rupees to was likewise called Rukmini. I imagine that possibly the goddess Laksmi was trying Binu’s spouse to see whether he had any empathy for the individuals who were in lower standings than him. On the off chance that this is all in all, at that point the spouse bombed the test since he rewarded Rukmini with hatred and just out of pity did he give her two rupees? He at that point be that as it may, disclosed to Binu that he had given Rukmini the entire twenty five rupees. Rukmini based the entire of her most recent two months of life on the way that her better half adored her so much that he would give twenty five rupees to a total more interesting who Binu had met and become friends with at the train station. Notwithstanding, not long before Binu passed on she revealed to her significant other this. Her better half was loaded up with blame and contrition. He returned to attempt to discover Rukmini and pays her the twenty five rupees that he owed her, with the goal that it would facilitate his heart. Rukmini had proceeded onward and this was the husband’s discipline. He needed to manage the way that he had misled his better half and now needed to live with the blame and edginess. This I believe is the importance of Laksmi being referenced in this sonnet. The endowment is very noteworthy in the sonnet since the explanation Binu requests that her significant other compensation the twenty five rupees to Rukmini, and the entire explanation that the spouse feels so regretful toward the end. A settlement is a blessing that the bride’s family provide for the groom’s family upon marriage. In a portion of the more extravagant positions settlements are a trade of riches between too families which are intermarrying. In numerous nations the share is an enormous piece of property which is either traded or given to the family. The share protects that the spouse won't be severely rewarded by the husband since it goes about as a relinquish from the wife’s family to the groom’s. ‘Bracelets, bangles, armlets for the dowry’ This is the thing that Rukmini approaches the cash for so she can purchase a reasonable share for her little girl with the goal that she won't be dismissed by the spouse. The share that Rukmini needs to give isn't especially broad, so this likewise underpins the possibility that Rukmini isn't especially rich since in well off families a lot of land and property are given as settlement presents. In the event that the ladies family don't give an endowment, at that point it is viewed as lack of respect and the entire wedding can be canceled, since the groom’s family would like to wed into a family that either slight the guidelines of the share framework or they are not well off enough to flexibly an adequate settlement for there girls wedding. This is along these lines what Rukmini is stating

Enterprise Resource Planning- Business Process Reengineering Essay

Endeavor Resource Planning-Business Process Reengineering - Essay Example Hierarchical objectives and the capacity to meet them are crucial and can be made conceivable just when the aggregate power of the workers are adjusted to the objectives of the association. Organizations have discovered that the way to effectively finishing and achieving ventures is frequently through the advancement of groups. No worker capacities without anyone else. Groups are a basic piece of an association and subsequently collaboration on part of the workforce gets fundamental. Cooperation has become a basic component for the achievement and endurance of a business. The group supervisor is frequently depended with the duty of conveying results in the interest of the group and it is subsequently nothing unexpected that association search for cooperation as a significant ability when enrolling MBA's. A beneficial group has players that share shared objectives, a typical vision and have some degree of reliance that requires both verbal and physical collaboration. They may meet up for various reasons, to accomplish a business focus, to figure a promoting effort or conceptualize thoughts for another item and so on. Their objectives are joined by the single reason for accomplishing the ideal execution and experience achievement. The goal may shift, however the methods by which one arrives is the equivalent - cooperation. Cooperation makes each individual responsible for the outcome. ... yles meet up, their perspective of a specific issue is fluctuated, making it additionally intriguing and incorporating and gives a more extensive and more profound point of view to the current issue. It involves better dynamic among the gathering. While collaboration elevates the capacity to regard someone else's assessment, it additionally assembles the ability to counter it productively when it may not be actually good with the remainder of the group. Genuine coordinated effort, in any case, is progressively hard to accomplish. This is on the grounds that despite the fact that the group performs exceedingly well, there will consistently be sure individuals from the group who depict themselves as significant supporters of get a more prominent portion of the credit. Every individual is influenced by the way that, all things considered, distinction is remunerated more regularly than group interest. All evaluations and raises are custom fitted more towards singular exhibitions as opposed to groups. Thus, this sets up a serious streak in the workers. It must be acknowledged that some opposition among representatives is useful in light of the fact that it keeps laborers keen on their employments. It additionally inspires them to work somewhat harder than their colleagues, and prompts their presentation towards exceeding expectations. It isn't without inconveniences when it arrives at seriously raised levels. It is regularly difficult to kick back and watch another person assume the praise. At the point when a vocation or advancement is in question, rivalry may arrive at inadmissible levels in the working environment. With the exceptionally serious culture being common in the present day situation, workers are frequently moved into the contending mode normally. Intensity among workers to a great extent is advanced by the association culture. Chiefs may pitch representatives against one another and challenge their associates just to understand that additional work out of them. Demonstrating representative

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Reaction Paper On Courage Essay - 1364 Words

Courage What is courage? Is it doing the right thing even when everyone else is doing the opposite. Or maybe it is when someone does something no one else is willing to do. I think that doing both of these shows a lot of courage. Throughout this class we have read many books that have characters that show courage. There are themes of courage in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, To Kill a Mockingbird, the Holocaust Unit, and The Merchant of Venice. The first book I am going to talk about is The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. In this book Junior decides to leave the Rez school and go to Reardan which is a white school. Doing this took a lot of courage. Not many people supported him when he decided to leave. He†¦show more content†¦Know what’d happen then? All the ladies in Maycomb includin’ my wife’d be knockin on his door bringing angel and food cakes. To my way of thinkin’, Mr. Finch, taking the one man who’s do ne you and this town a great service an’ draggin’ him with his shy ways into the limelight - to me that’s a sin. It’s a sin and I’m not about to have it on my head. If it was any other man it’d be different. But not this man, Mr. Finch.†(Lee 276). Boo risked everything when he saved the kids. He could have been dragged into the whole public’s view or even have been charged with a crime, but he did it anyway. Atticus is also someone who shows courage in this story. â€Å"The main one is, If I didn’t I couldn’t hold my head up in town, I couldn’t represent this county in the legislature, I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again.† (Lee 75). He knew that it would not be easy to defend Tom Robinson and that most of the town would not be happy about him defending Tom either. But he did it anyway even when almost everyone else in the town didn’t want him to. 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Application Paper Organizational Communication Theory

December 2, 2015 Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Theory Dr. Horowitz Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Communication Theory Dr. Horowitz December 2, 2015 Application paper Identified by consumers the most recognizable brand in the real estate field, Century 21 West Coast Brokers is a real estate agency aiming to provide brand marks, generate people-oriented organization, as well as communicative and innovative technologies. I work as an administrative assistant as I create advertisements and perform marketing tasks in helping to lease and sell our office properties. Working as a real estate administrative assistant, I am fortunate to have the opportunity to interact with a variety of people at†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a very basic sense, we grow up learning about what work means† (Miller, 2014, p.121). Even when similar background like this may be relatable, it is natural and necessary for me to go through the first stage of socialization- anticipatory stage. 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Medical Tourism Introduction Free Essays

During the past four years, the market grew at a whopping rate of 20-30% and is expected to grow further. Considering this growth the current market size is estimated to be $100 billion. Medical Tourism industry offers tremendous potential for the developing countries because of their low-cost advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Medical Tourism : Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now The advantages of medical tourism include improvement in export earnings and healthcare infrastructure. Many people in westernised world are accustomed to visit other nations which can offer medical treatment and very economy rates.In other words high quality health care treatments can be best available abroad at a very affordable prices (Herrick, 2007). Medical tourism has been very popular among the nations like Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, India, Cuba, South Africa, Singapore etc (Bookman, 2007). In order to realize the full potential of the industry, it is imperative for these countries to develop a strategic plan for coordinating various industry players –the medical practitioners, private hospitals, policy makers, hotels, trans portation services and tour operators.This report presents the strategy that needs to be implemented by India, one of the key destinations for Medical tourism, in order to achieve industry-leadership. The reason for rapid growth of the medica l tourism may be attributed to long waiting lists, opened channels for a high quality treatments etc (Carrera and Percivil, 2008). The Medical Tourism Industry in India is poised to be the next big success story after software. With a great information technology (IT) hub in India, it has got great potential for medical tourism (Connell, 2006).According to a Mckinsey-CII study the market size is estimated to be Rs. 5000-10000 Crores by 2012. The key concerns facing the industry include: absence of government initiative, lack of a coordinated effort to promote the industry, no accreditation mechanism for hospitals and the lack of uniform pricing policies and standards across hospitals. 2. 0 Aims To analyse business strategies of medical tourism industry and based on the data analysed necessary recommendations are provided in order to develop the efficacy of the this industry in India. . 1 Objectives * To explore the field of medical tourism and different business strategic approaches followed by other developing nations * To analyse the current position of Medical Tourism in India * To evaluate business strategies thrusts for the future * To provide necessary conclusion and recommendation. 2. 2 Scope of the study: There has been a considerable improvement in medical tourism all over the world. However, the developing nation like India needs to develop its own areas to contribute more towards medical tourism.The research had found suitable hypothesis for this study which will be helpful to be tested and effectively practiced in India. The conclusion may provide additional plans for the sustainability of medical tourism in the state. 3. 0 Reasearch Methodology Research helps in exploring the new things in certain area of interest and enhances the knowledge (Jenkowicz, 2003). It helps in analysing the conflicts in that particular area and tries out in finding some solutions for a particular conflict. It is the logical and systematic exploration of particular area of interest (Collins, 2003).These acts as template for carry out research. This further enhances the quality of the research (Malhotra, Birks, 2005). Research design can be classified as follows: Figure 3. 1: research design (Malhotra and Birks, 2005) The current study primarily focuses on the business strategies medical tourism in India. An exploratory research is adopted for this current study whereby the key problematic area is not yet identified. On the other hand the conclusive design has only very confined or specific hypothesis. This is a complex study which will have a small sample size.Hence the data thus collected can be quantifiable. The questionnaires in case of the descriptive study are pre-formulated. Of all the different types of studies the cross sectional studies are considered to be the commonest approach. In case of simple cross sectional studies the respondents will be interviewed only one time where as in case of multiple cross sectional studies the two or more respondents will be interviewed at one time. Cohort analysis, which will be categorised under the multiple cross sectional studies, group of individuals will be exposed to equal traits at given time period.There has been a significant difference between longitudinal and cross sectional research however, longitudinal sample remains same unlike of cross sectional research. The size of the smaple will always remain same if both the researches such as casual and descriptive research are equal in representation (Malhotra, 2006). Research methods According to Blaxter (2006), the research skills constituting selection, analytics and presentation of data explore facts through some distortions of any interested subject. The research methods have been broadly classified.However, critically evaluating the data through further research would be carried out with help of previous research validation. The methods could be in mixed approach such as quantitative and qualitative methods. The researcher understood that there should be a deep understanding of the tools before incorporating it into the research (Grix, 2004). The researcher finds interpretivism as best approach to explore the subject and to identify the data using qualitative research techniques. There are two different types of approaches commonly used such as inductive and eductive approach. The research is purely based on the end result which is much similar to inductive approach so, the deductive approach is eliminated from this research. The researcher is very keen on identifying suitable tools and techniques to derive appropriate research methods and data collections for which a proper research strategy is to be used which would be critically analysed and confirmed through case studies (Punch, et al, 2004). 3. 1 Data collection: It is the important aspect in the research process.All the research tools and techniques used to collect data is performed with subject to personal interaction, focus groups, observation and artefacts. All the data collection are identified with two segments such as primary data collection and secondary data collection. 3. 1. 1 Primary data: All the data related to qualitative and quantitative methods are observed through this technique. In this primary research, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews are considered as important. The researcher chosen closed ended questionnaire which will be more suitable for the research undertaken (Naoum, 2006).Based on the qualitative type, interviews were performed to derive data required for this research. The researcher had chosen telephonic interview which could be more reliable and can provide deep insight data relevant to research study. All the interviews are preceded with questionnaire to probe the participants based on the response to previous questions (Collins, 2003). 3. 1. 2 Secondary data: The researcher had gone through a rigorous study based on books, journals, online articles and newspapers. Most of research related journals are derived from science direct and EBSC host websites.However, there is a considerable amount of vagueness found by the researcher during the collection of secondary data. The researcher had followed probability sampling technique to use in the current study which could produce accurate results needed for this research (Breweton, 2001). 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Sex and Death in Stokers Dracula

The Victorian society imposed strict restrains on uncovering sexuality, particularly expressing female sexuality because the Victorian vision of a woman was confined to an idealized representation of the roles that females should play in society.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Sex and Death in Stoker’s Dracula specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Stoker’s novel Dracula reflects a negative attitude toward female sexuality that conforms neither of the above-accepted patterns. As a result, death is the only punishment for any displays of women’s eroticism. Death and sexuality, therefore, are closely intertwined because they are the most powerful tools of peace disruption among both males and females. Specific attention should be paid to the representation of a New Woman freed from sexuality, evaluation of sex as an anti-Christian regressive process demoralizing society, and strong association between sex and death as disruptive powers stereotypes in the Victorian era. Stoker was fully aware of the sexual allegories running through his novel and heavily criticized by him. At the end of the novel, the sexualized women are get punished for their immoral actions and uncontrolled sexual desires: â€Å"There was something about them that made me uneasy, some longing and at the same time deadly fear† (Stoker 57). Within the rigid social and moral frames of the Victorian age society, women were accepted into several limited options – acting the role of a chaste and innocent girl, or imposing the obligation of mother and wife. Other than that was heavily criticized and rejected by society and by men who resisted their sexual fantasies and wished to exterminate any of abnormal sexual representations (Davis 22). In addition, the death of the female vampire can be associated with the author’s negative outlook toward self-determined women that surpass ed the acceptable norms of morale.Advertising Looking for book review on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All women succumbed to the Count Dracula’s evil intentions were doomed to die, except for Mina Harker, the woman who manages to resist Dracula’s seduction. In the novel, the heroine reveals a perfect symbiosis of contemporary woman possessing traditional virtues: â€Å"She is one of God’s women, fashioned by His own hand to show use men and other women that there is a heaven where we can enter, and that its light can be here on earth† (Stoker 300). By presenting the portrayal of Mina as the one belonging to the New Women generation, the author provides an example of the Victorian woman that is capable of resisting the devil’s seduction. Just as the Count Dracula personifies the vices of society and demoralized outlook on sexual relationships, sex is featured as an an ti-Christian regressive display, which makes both men and women succumb to their â€Å"inner† vampires (Davidson 27). In the play, Stoker refers to religious ideologies while demonstrating his opposition to the expression of sexuality; he, therefore, considers Dracula as antagonistic hero resisting divine laws: â€Å"Thus are we ministers of God’s own wish: that the world, and men for whom His Son dies, will not be given over to monsters, whose very existence would defame Him† (Stoker 508). At this point, the story can be regarded as a moral tale that informs about the greatest concerns of the Victorian age – the threat of violating the religious traditions, and the threat of feeing women from moral and stereotypical boundaries of that time. More importantly, the presence of an antagonistic hero creates transparent and clear distinction between right and wrong actions, as well as between divine and vicious sources of social intentions.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Sex and Death in Stoker’s Dracula specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regarding the above-presented juxtapositions, the deep connection between such controversial conceptions as sexuality and death is explicitly revealed. Representing sexuality as the one unfitting societal views is as powerful as representation of death. Hence, those females and males surpassing the forbidden boundaries are doomed to be on the edge of death. Lucy fails to resist Dracula’s seduction and reveals her sexual nature opposite to her traditional virtues (Stoker 486). As a result, Van Helsing sees no other choices but to exterminate the evil and turn Lucy into a socially and morally respectable state. Because of the fear of loosing their reputation, men decide to kill Lucy and seduced girls to save the society from vices. These female vampires, therefore, embody the utmost sexual desires of men who are afr aid of been captured by their personal fantasies and be socially scorned. In conclusion, strong expression of female sexuality is closely associated with the disruptive power of death in Stoker’s novel. Women and men of the Victorian era were heavily suppressed by rigid morale and religious ideologies and, as a result, surpassing the established frames would mean death for male honor and female innocence. Hence, Dracula embodies all the societal vices and sins that were rigidly criticized and forbidden at that time. Therefore, sexualized women, such as Lucy who succumbed to vices, should be punished whereas Mina, a representative of the modern female movement, manages to suppress her inner sexuality and liberate herself from the evil. This confrontation is also represented through eternal encounters between the Devil and God, between the right and the wrong. Pursuing the religious patterns of that time, Stoker compares Dracula with the Devil who demoralizes and disrupts socie ty. Works Cited Davis, Lloyd. Virginal Sexuality and Textuality in Victorian Literature. US: SUNY Press, 1993. Print.Advertising Looking for book review on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Davison, Carol Margaret. Bram Stocker’s Dracula: Sucking Through the Century, 1897-1997. US: Dundurn Press, 1997. Print. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. US: Plain Label Books, 1897. Print. This book review on Sex and Death in Stoker’s Dracula was written and submitted by user Jaydin D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Run For Your Life

Run for Your Life In this chapter, the experiments set out to test whether physical fitness, life stress, and health are directly related to each other. To test this, the researcher used correlational studies. Correlational research is an investigation of the relationships between two variables. The data found is reported as a correlation coefficient, which is measured on a scale from -1.00 to 1.00. The strongest relationship is negatively or positively as close to 1.00 as possible. The weakest relationship is positively or negatively as close to 0 as possible. A correlation with a negative value shows an inverse relationship while a positive value shows a relationship where variables fluctuate together. A strong relationship is important because it allows a researcher to make a quite accurate prediction of the value of one variable if they know the other value. However, a strong relationship does not necessarily mean that there is a causal link between the variables. The participants involved in the experiment were a group of introductory psychology students who were followed for a college academic year. The group numbered 110 and was composed of 37 males and 73 females. Ninety of these participants completed the full year. The drop-outs were compared with the students who completed the program, no considerable difference between the two groups was found. A number of measures both subjective and objective were taken over the course of the year. Objective measures included a record of appointments at the health center, heart-rate while resting, and physical fitness test on an ergocycle. Subjective tests were physical activity questionnaires, participant reports of medical conditions, and a survey to measure unpleasant life experiences. When the probability of an event occurring by chance was greater then 5 percent, the statistic is considered insignificant. The findings which were found to be statistically signi... Free Essays on Run For Your Life Free Essays on Run For Your Life Run for Your Life In this chapter, the experiments set out to test whether physical fitness, life stress, and health are directly related to each other. To test this, the researcher used correlational studies. Correlational research is an investigation of the relationships between two variables. The data found is reported as a correlation coefficient, which is measured on a scale from -1.00 to 1.00. The strongest relationship is negatively or positively as close to 1.00 as possible. The weakest relationship is positively or negatively as close to 0 as possible. A correlation with a negative value shows an inverse relationship while a positive value shows a relationship where variables fluctuate together. A strong relationship is important because it allows a researcher to make a quite accurate prediction of the value of one variable if they know the other value. However, a strong relationship does not necessarily mean that there is a causal link between the variables. The participants involved in the experiment were a group of introductory psychology students who were followed for a college academic year. The group numbered 110 and was composed of 37 males and 73 females. Ninety of these participants completed the full year. The drop-outs were compared with the students who completed the program, no considerable difference between the two groups was found. A number of measures both subjective and objective were taken over the course of the year. Objective measures included a record of appointments at the health center, heart-rate while resting, and physical fitness test on an ergocycle. Subjective tests were physical activity questionnaires, participant reports of medical conditions, and a survey to measure unpleasant life experiences. When the probability of an event occurring by chance was greater then 5 percent, the statistic is considered insignificant. The findings which were found to be statistically signi...

12 Greatest Visual Artists of All Time

12 Greatest Visual Artists of All Time If you ask art historians who the greatest visual artists of all time are, there would be a multitude of different names. Of course,  there are several standards by which you can measure who the best artists of all time are. Unfortunately, the art world has been  historically dominated by men, and women artists are seldom mentioned despite their enormous contributions. It is important that women artists are also recognized as part of the canon, though, for their work is also of superior and enduring quality, and some even achieved success in their own day despite great societal obstacles. There are several factors that would determine if a particular artist makes the list. One of them is the trend and fashion of the moment that the artist lived, another is the longevity of an artists popularity. The impact made by an artist on his contemporaries is yet another factor to consider. In the long run, determining who are the greatest artists of all time may be a subjective opinion;  however, based on public opinion and what the museums say, the 10  best visual artists of all time are: 1.  Michelangelo (1475-1564) Michelangelo is regarded as the greatest sculptor and painter of all time. He was a major figure of the Renaissance in Italy, especially in Florence and Rome. Even today, some of his marble carvings have a flawless beauty. Michelangelo is popularly known for the Italian Renaissance sculpture as well as the Sistine Chapel frescoes, among other incredible works of art. 2.  Rembrandt van Rijn  (1606-1669) Rembrandt is a Dutch painting genius who created several masterpieces. Rembrandt is particularly renowned for his passion for history painting and still life portraits. He made several canvasses famous for their emotional content, which is why Rembrandt was branded as a realist painter. 3. Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) Pablo Picasso, the founder of cubism, is one of the most influential artists in history. He was a sculptor, printmaker, painter, and ceramicist. He produced several of the greatest paintings of the 20th century. Born to a painter father, Picasso received all the needed encouragement to build a successful painting career. This gave him the privilege to study art in some of the finest art schools in Spain. He was among the 250 sculptors who exhibited the 3rd Sculpture International held in America. His style and technique was exceptionally prolific throughout his lifetime, producing a total number of 50,000 artworks, including drawings, paintings, and sculptures, among others. Of all  forms of art, Picasso excelled most in painting. 4. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Leonardo was born in Florence, Italy. Despite living several centuries ago, he still remains one of the most influential artists of all time. His only training was in the field of science and he was apprenticed at an early age to a renown Florence painter of the  time.  Leonardo was regarded as an intellectual in his lifetime because of his passion for science. Leonardos contributions to the art world were small, but two of his paintings are the most popular today: Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, which is the only surviving fresco of Leonardo da Vinci. The fact that his interest ranged beyond art could have been the reason why his input was very small. In his lifetime, so engrossed was he in physics and mechanics, that he created workable artistic designs for bicycles, among other things. This is what is popularly believed to be the cause of his failure to complete several of his paintings and art projects. There are also credible reports that he spent a significant amount of time thinking and testing scientific laws, as well as writing his observations about them. 5. Claude Monet  (1840-1926) Claude Monet is popularly regarded as the founder of French Impressionist painting. Monet had an incredible passion for documenting the countryside in his numerous paintings. This was the birth of his impressionist paintings. When Monet went to Paris, he observed several artists copying the popular works of other artists. Rather than follow this trend, Monet developed the habit of sitting by an available window and painting what he saw. Gradually, Monet became popular for his impressionism. He influenced several young artists and made them commit to impressionism, and within a short period of time, Impressionism became a popular form of painting in Paris. Sometime in 1874, the first impressionism exhibition took place in Paris. In that exhibition, Monet presented a total of 12 artworks, which included five paintings and seven pastels. 6. Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Born in the Netherlands, van Gogh was a remarkable painter whose works of art are still sold at unbelievable prices across the world today. His contribution to art was basically painting. He created many still-life paintings, several of them were portraits of friends and acquaintances. In all, van Gogh completed about 800 paintings. One thing that distinguished him as a painter was his grasp for color relationship and unique brushwork. His work is still a great source of inspiration for  several impressionists all over the world. 7. Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) Rodin was a workaholic and a dedicated sculptor. He is a worthy successor to great minds like Michelangelo. Rodin is popularly considered the best sculptor of the modern era. His success is derived from his ability to model stone and clay in complex manners. During his lifetime, Rodin earned a living collaborating with established sculptors on several projects. 8. Jan van Eyck (1390-1441) He is one of the most remarkable Northern Renaissance artists and many of his works are greatly copied today. Aside from working for the court, van Eyck produced several paintings for private clients. One thing that was peculiar to him is that he was the only painter in his era to sign his canvasses. 9. Donatello (1386-1466) Donatello is regarded as the greatest sculptor of the 15th century. He was no doubt one of the best artists of that era. He was very skillful with wood, terracotta, and stone. 10. Peter Paul Rubens  (1571-1640) Peter Rubens was the most influential figure in counter-reformation baroque art. His contribution to art was basically paintings; however, he produced almost all possible genres of paintings. He was very versatile, producing cartoons and book illustrations as well as sketches for metal work and sculptures. 11.  Ãƒâ€°lisabeth Louise  Vigà ©e-Le Brun (1755-1842) Vigà ©e-Le Brun was one of the most renowned portraitists of 18th century France and the most famous woman artist in Europe. Through talent and perseverance, she achieved  success in one of the most turbulent periods of French and European history and became one of Queen Marie Antoinettes favorite painters. She painted more than 20 portraits of Marie Antoinette, along with portraits of other European aristocrats, actors, and writers, primarily women. She was elected to art academies in 10 different cities. She  created over 900 paintings in her lifetime, including roughly 600 portraits and 200 landscapes. 12. Georgia OKeeffe (1887-1986) Georgia OKeeffe was one of the most important and successful artists of the 20th century. She was one of the first American artists to embrace abstraction and became one of the leaders of the American Modernist  movement. Her art is personal and innovative. She is known for paintings of large abstract flowers, dramatic New York skyscrapers, and southwestern landscapes.

Global Trade and Commodities in 15th century Essay

Global Trade and Commodities in 15th century - Essay Example This region acted as a source of slave for the routes in Sahara to Mediterranean. The Portuguese opened this channel to the rest of the world. Portuguese had an economic monopoly over slave trade in Cape Verde of West Africa. Portuguese were particularly well versed with trade route between West Africa, America and Europe. They bought slave from interior of coast of guinea and transported them to the rest of the world especially in America where they could later work in sugar and other plantations. This trade was profitable to Portuguese. This African trade plus the development of Cape Verde islands, expanded tremendously with the emergence of labor-intensive farms that were used to grow, cotton and tobacco in the Caribbean and America as well. Other slave was taken to Brazil, which was a Portuguese colony. By 18th century, Britain had engaged in this trade and majority of ships doing this business belonged to Britain. Jacques Coeur merchant between 1432- 1451, carried out the other type of trade. The great source of trading wealth was the Mediterranean. That used to link Christian market that were more prominent in the west with the far east Muslim markets. He use to take clothes to Levant and could come back with spices from the east. It was a barter form of trade. The Chinese sea trade also took place in the 15th century. It took place when a merchant Zhen, a Muslim eunuch. He traveled as far as Persian Gulf, African coast. Chinese could now export porcelain, silks, silver, gold items and medical concoctions and in return they took herbs, ivory, rhinoceros, jewel, rare varieties of wood, and some ingredients for making dyes. The other trade took place in Europe inlands waterways between 15 to 17th century. This trade occurred across rivers especially after development of manmade canals that ensured there was efficiency in trade as routes became shorter. This developed in Europe only at the late 15th

Polaroid Advertising Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Polaroid Advertising Campaign - Essay Example This market arose due to the increased demand for technology products. It is at this time of history that the world war and competition for the world’s meager resources came to the peak. Technological growth also became a subject of importance an inventions became an order of the day. It is in record that at this point in history industrial revolution peaked (Qualters 2003). The company manufactures films and it is on record that the recent sales were about 50 films and over 100 types of cameras worldwide. The company is famous for instant film cameras that were replaced very recently in the year 2008 due to the onset of digital cameras because of digital technology (Porter 20005). For a start, Polaroid went through the growth phases that any newly established company could undergo. As have been noted above, the growth was propelled by apart from existence of adequate market; the competitors like Kodak Express also enabled the growth of the company. In fact, Polaroid, using it s strong strategies displaced Kodak from the market and made Kodak flee completely from the instant film technology field (Boone & Kurtz 2011). However much Polaroid posed stiff competition to its other competitors in their field of competition, there also existed other firms like the Nixon and Minolta who differentiated and specialized in pro ducts unique enough to file competition for Polaroid. This made Polaroid experience technical difficulties in their operations that resulted solely from competition from these firms. The state went as far as making Polaroid apply for bankruptcy state in the United States courts in the year 2001. The bankruptcy majorly affected their assets due to overtrading that the corporation was engaged in (Bushman 2010). Almost immediately, the firm undertook a reorganization exercise where it considered acquisition procedures, it approached several firms in a bid to strengthen its operations due to partnerships and mergers. This period could not allow Po laroid to be engaged in acquisitions. The company as a result needed to employ better strategies to increase its production of relevant products, the sales of such products to realize better revenue as well as engaging in cost reduction and minimization measures. One way that it identified could help it realize better returns was through thorough marketing campaign (Bushman 2010). Corporate/ Marketing Campaign Normally, corporate have both general and specific corporate objectives and marketing campaign strategies. The general major corporate objectives of any company are profit maximization objective for the shareholders to realize better returns in form of dividends. This is also geared towards ensuring that the investor confidence is busted and well directed (Cant, Strydom, & Jooste 2009). The other objective of establishing any corporate organization is to maximize the wealth off the shareholders. It is in the interest of any realistic shareholder to anticipate growth in form an d nature of their firm. This growth is only achievable if there is profitability and that part of the profits realized is reinvested in prospects like long-term assets that are meant to realize returns to the company. Polaroid during its formation had an objective of being the world leader in film technology. It also had the objective of diversifying its asset base by being one of the participants in

The influence of Internet on recognition of identity

The influence of Internet on recognition of identity Identity recognition has been a hot topic in recent years. It is a complicated issue that no single definition of the term has been set up in science. The first time identity of perception goes to the public as a scientific term is in The Interpretation of Dreams (published in 1900) by a great psychologist, Sigmund Freud. He proposed that dreaming was an unconscious process of information in the day time, which shared the role of controlling individuals mental and psychical activities. Thus he claimed that dreaming maintained the personalitys continuity and identity. Identity conception plays an important role in human beings psyche, he suggested. The society is developing quickly, which makes human beings lost in recognition of identity in social life and also in psycho. Problems of identity are studied for years in different areas, and the conceptions of identity differ. Most of the recent studies are conducted in sociology, which focus on study the social groups, social phenomena and social behavior. Here in this paper, I focus on the individuals behavior, individuals interpretations of the information on the internet, and how the internet influences individuals. Identity is the state of an individuals consciousness of the relationship with oneself, people around and with the surroundings. It is more about how an individual sees himself, based on the aggregation of his personal characteristics, personal feelings, personal values, personal judgments and his interpretations about the information inwards and outwards. To determine ones identity, we need to aggregate ones characteristics of personality that are of a biological, psychological, social, and cultural nature.(Vladimir Rimskii, 2)Identity is a stable consciousness that will last for a long time once set up. It enables one to be oneself in different situations. (Vladimir Rimskii, 2)However, identity changes with the environment changes. Individuals take in different and changing information for the new situations, and this process of aggregation with information will slightly change the individuals perception on his own identity. So exists the possibility to coexistence of different ide ntities (Vladimir Rimskii, 2)at one and the same moment in time. In some cases, this leads to crisis because the adaptation of identity lags behind the changes in reality. Childhood plays a significant and essential role in forming an individuals identity, which continues until death. Identity forming is about mental development, influenced not only by biological factors, but mainly by social factors. The relations and interactions among children, parents, culture and social life of the community play a very important role in shaping ones identity. As a person enter his adolescence years, identity keeps forming and yet changing, for his high time of mental development and values forming. An adolescent goes through a time of getting rid of the influence of parents and setting up self-values in the changing environment. In many cases, these adolescents have the problems of identity because of their lack of experiences in life. As they grow up, they will begin to shape their own identities as the acceptance of particular roles and the rejection of other roles. This process will slow down as they enter adulthood, and they will have stereotype identities, w hich are relatively stable. However, the identity crisis among adolescents has been a hot topic recently. The new generation is said to be too cool and willful. They are exposed to a world full of information. They have a lot of chances to get in touch with different people, learn about different thoughts, and know whats happening around the world. Therefore, their identities are easily influenced and changed. Also, because of the overindulgence of their parents, they young generation lose some chances to think about life and future by themselves. They fail to pay enough attention to the identity forming. Therefore, identity crisis is a very import yet complicated issue. In this paper, I will try to briefly study the internets influences on youths identity conception. Identities in the reality Many identities are perceived as social roles interacting with other individuals. Human beings live within social groups. They have more than one role when connecting with others. Each role might have its own identity or tend to have slightly different identity. These different identities coexist in one at the same moment of time, thus exists the possibility that a person might not able to show all his personalities and roles in one identification card. The other possibility is that people around cannot clearly know who the person is. The author (Vladimir Rimskii, 3) suggests that collective identities of a social group enable its members to determine who belongs and who does not. Individuals almost always interact with representatives of particular social groups, which make them constantly adapt or affirm their own identities. According to him, we can know a person by checking the social group he belongs to. It is true that social life and social experiences help a person to achieve a definite identity. In order to achieve a sense of belongingness, self-preservation, recognition, self-realization and other needs, a person will join in some certain social groups by attaining membership.( Vladimir Rimskii, 4) However, humans have subjective initiatives. One may not want to reveal his complete real information in social life with the purposes such as self-protection. Also, one may fake his information in order to get into a group. People are bound to the conventions of the society. They live in a world full of limitations. They cannot fully express and show their values, judgments, behaviors, and personalities. For example, the Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual (GLB) may not want people around them to know their secrets. They may cover up in case other people blame them for acting against the cultural and social traditions. Therefore, one will not present the true person of oneself in reality and we cannot know a true person by processing the intended presentation of his identity. In the process of identification, an individual may project his own identity onto someone else. He may borrow someone elses identity, or mix his own identity with the identities of others, so as to create a new him. Identities on the internet Today, hundreds of thousands of people have accessed to the internet, and have identities in the virtual world. The number is growing at a very fast speed. Individualism and the freedom of expression may be the first reason that people form a new identity on the internet.(Julie Rak, 7)There is no restrictions of forming an identity on the internet, so a person can register an ideal identity, do whatever and say whatever he wants on the internet. Another reason for peoples formation of identity on the internet is that people desire to create ideal identities that cannot be realized in the real world. Individuals can decide their attitudes, perceptions, stereotypes, judgments, opinions, assessments, priorities, tastes, ways of life, characteristics of activity, etc. Internet makes it possible for individuals to achieve self-realization and to be ideal ones for a while. Quite different from the reality, there is also possibility for a person to use a number of different identities simul taneously without using verifiable information. People have been arguing about the advantages and disadvantages of internet on identities. The supportive side suggests that we can know a person better through internet because his identities online are mostly the ones that he wishes to be. Those identities reveal the real inside of a person. People will fee safe and comfortable to chat on the internet. They use nicknames with limited information revealed. The information doesnt have to be true, which protects people from being traced. Moreover, the communication is mostly non-face-to-face. Therefore, people may be more willing to share their real feelings and thoughts on the internet than in real world. However, the opposed side argues that people who get addicted to the internet may lose their identities in the reality and fail to bear his responsibilities. They suggest that people turn to the internet to avoid things in the real world. On the internet, all things, including identity information, thoughts and feelings may be false, which will easily confuse people. The exposure to different kinds of information and identities will not help people clear up their minds. It is more likely to pull people away from the real world along with their responsibilities. Combination of Identities in the reality and on the internet Based on the discussions between the supportive and opposed sides, I suggest that the combination of identities in the reality and on the internet may be a useful way to help solve the identity crisis. People base on the reality to face the life, bear the responsibilities and solve problems. Therefore, the identity in the reality should be the basic and should be stable. It defines a persons position in a society. However, its understandable that people want to keep personal secrets and hide characteristics and feelings. The internet will be a good way for them to relieve the pressure from reality and try to be another part of themselves. Therefore, the combination of the identities in the reality and on the internet may complete a persons identities and is good for human experiences. However, one important premise for this is that the internet should be under more control to provide a safer internet environment. To fully solve the problem of identity crisis, more in-depth studies of identities on the Internet, and investigation of the positive and negative effects of their influences on individual identity perceptions, should be conducted. We believe that these findings may shed some light on tackling the problem of identity crisis in the near future. Notes Rak, Julie. THE DIGITAL QUEER: WEBLOGS AND INTERNET IDENTITY. Biography: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 28.1 (2005): 166-182. Academic Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. Rimskii, Vladimir. The Influence of the Internet on Active Social Involvement and the Formation and Development of Identities .Russian Education HYPERLINK javascript:__doLinkPostBack(,mdb~~s8h||jdb~~s8hjnh||ss~~JN Russian Education Society||sl~~jh,);HYPERLINK javascript:__doLinkPostBack(,mdb~~s8h||jdb~~s8hjnh||ss~~JN Russian Education Society||sl~~jh,); Society; Aug2010, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p11-33, 23p, 2 Charts

Mentoring and Enabling Learning in the Practice Setting

Mentoring and enabling learning in the practice setting A reflective account of my experience of facilitating learning, assessing and teaching a student or co-worker, and how this experience will inform my future development within the mentor or practice teacher role. Student Number: 2930211 Word Count: 3150 Part 1: Introducing the Mentorship role I am a band five registered paediatric nurse based on an orthopaedic and spinal surgical ward in a tertiary paediatric hospital.I am currently engaging in completing my training to become a qualified mentor. This reflective account details my experiences assessing, teaching and facilitating the learning of a student during their practice based learning, and how this experience may affect my future practice. Throughout the account, in order to protect the identities of people, trust and clinical setting involved confidentiality will be maintained via the use of pseudonyms or omission of names (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2008a).The function of practice based learning is to provide experience, serving an important role in developing the skills of the student in interacting with patients and their families assisting in technical, psychomotor, interpersonal and communication skills (Ali and Panther, 2008). Practice based learning provides an opportunity to link theory and practice, and promotes professional identity development (Fishel and Johnson, 1981). Practice based learning is also crucial in the profession of nursing due to the vocational nature of the work, and necessity of assessing clinical competency and safeguarding the public (Rutowski, 2007).By ensuring specific standards are met with assessment in practice, it effectively ensures that students are fit for practice at point of registration (NMC, 2004). My demonstration of demonstrating my eligibility to supervise and assess students in a practice setting and successful completion of the NMC approved mentorship programme will allow me to meet the defi nition of a mentor (NMC, 2004), and perform an important role that every nurse has to assume formally, sooner or later (Ali and Panther 2008, Figure 1)Figure 1. (Synthesised using NMC 2008b, Rutowski 2007, Beskine 2009) Part 2 The NMC Standards In order to ensure that there is a set level for supporting learning and assessment in practice, the NMC devised and provided a set of standards for which mentors, practice teachers and teachers are required to meet (NMC 2008b, Ali and Panther, 2008). The agreed mandatory requirements include a developmental framework, the standards, and information regarding application of the standards to assessment in practice.The competence and outcomes for a mentor are underpinned by eight domains (Figure 2, NMC, 2008b). Figure 2. (NMC, 2008b) Number Domain 1 Establishing effective working relationships 2 Facilitation of learning 3 Assessment and accountability 4 Evaluation of learning 5 Creating an environment for learning 6 Context of practice 7 Eviden ce-based practice 8 Leadership When considering the eight domains within my own clinical practice area I consider establishing effective working relationships and leadership to be of particular importance.The establishment of an effective working relationship is vital due to working together with families and providing care for the family as the patient, rather than just the child (Casey, 1988) in order to provide a good standard of care. Establishing effective working relationships also serves to reduce poor student experiences and improve ability to assure competence to practice (Beskine 2009, Dowie 2008). When considering the importance of family centred care, as well as the promotion of an effective working relationship, leadership is a key theme.Leadership in my clinical setting involves role modeling, improving care and influencing others (Cook, 2001) as well as considering situational forms of leadership (Faugier and Woolnough, 2002) when communicating with different parties in different situations. Leadership in my practice setting could range from working with a difficult family, which may require participative leadership, or a situation where I need to be assertive. I must frequently act as an advocate for the child (Children Act 1989), requiring a more autocratic approach (Bass and Bass 2008).Both establishing effective relationships and leadership require skill, knowledge and experience and can be central to providing quality care (Department of Health 2004). Key professional challenges surrounding learning and assessment in my practice area include difficulty due to the busyness and staffing levels on my ward, which is known to affect the quality of assessment in practice (Phillips et al, 2000). The pressure of clinical commitments and lack of available time has an affect on the organisation and supervision of students during clinical placement (Caldwell et al 2008).Other difficulties may include inconsistency in performance influencing assessment of fitness for practice (Duffy and Hardicre 2007a), or students who are not compliant with support available and provided should they be failing (Duffy and Hardicre 2007b). Reluctance to fail a failing student due to poor assessment or finding the failing process too difficult (Duffy 2003) also serves as a professional challenge in my practice area.The NMC Standards to support learning and assessment in practice (2008b) do provide a framework for mentors, but due to the nature of the document it is not comprehensive enough to consider all aspects of competence assessment (Cassidy, 2009). It could be considered that some level of assessment remains subjective despite the framework being provided, due to the inherent nature of the involved profession and the variation of skills to be assessed.Holistic assessment of competence is difficult to structure a framework, particularly when considering a students reflexive action to utilise their knowledge skills and attitude with emotional i ntelligence (Freshwater and Stickley 2004, Clibbens et al 2007). These issues may become more prevalent when considering the possibility of a mentors failure to fail a student (Duffy, 2003). These is somewhat rectified by the responsive development of ‘sign off mentors’ who make a final judgement on the fitness for practice of the student at the end of their training (NMC 2008b).Further support can be given to the NMC standards to support learning and assessment in practice (NMC 2008b) by documents such as ‘Guidance for mentors or nursing students and midwives’ (Royal College of Nursing (RCN), 2007) a toolkit which assists in providing support and strategies for mentors. Part 3: My practice based assessment session Practice based assessment is a core method of assessing the knowledge, skills and attitude of a student (Bloom 1956, Wallace 2003), but is complex to ensure objective management (Carr, 2004).To accommodate a diversity of patients and needs (Dogra and Wass, 2006), different types of assessment are necessary, all of which are part of the mentor student relationship (Wilkinson et al 2008, Figure 3, NMC 2008b). Figure 3. ( Wilkinson et al, 2008) Type of assessment Description Mini clinical evaluation exercise. Snapshot of student performing core clinical skill. Can be integrated into ward environment or routine patient encounter (e. g gaining a pain score from a patient) Direct observation of procedural skills.Observing a student carry out a procedure and providing feedback afterwards (e. g performing aseptic non touch technique to prepare a dressings trolley). Case based discussion. A structured interview to explore behaviour and judgement (e. g discussing aspects care of a patient and what a student did or observed). Mini peer assessment. A group of qualified professionals providing feedback on an individuals performance, includes self assessment (e. g feedback from other nurses that supervise a student in their clinical plac ement).The method of assessment must be considered in terms of reliability, validity, acceptability, educational impact, and cost effectiveness in order to evaluate the suitability of the assessment itself (Chandratilake et al, 2010). Assessment of formal knowledge allows review of conceptual knowledge, including considering potential risks or other influencing factors. Assessing an individual in practice, or their craft knowledge, allows reflection and development on experiential learning (Price, 2007).Both formal and craft knowledge are required to be continuously assessed to understand the student in order to understand how the student reads risk situations and uses concepts to address practice requirements (Price, 2007). When assessing students it is important to establish four key areas (Hinchliffe 2009, figure 4). Figure 4. (Hinchliffe 2009) Key area Description Knowledge What do they know? Skill What do they do? Performance How well do they do it? Motivation Why do they do it , and how do they feel about it? Continuous assessment has limitations with regards to validity and reliability for numerous reasons.There is a requirement for co-ordination between educators and service providers to agree on appropriate assessment pathways for formative and summative assessment, allowing an appropriate level of assessment and practice theory link (Price, 2007). A mentor in a complex clinical setting combined with the pressure of continuous assessment on students in front of patients, family, relatives and other professionals has an impact on performance and may increase the anxiety of the student or the assessor (Price, 2007). Anxiety may also be caused by the mentors eeling of competence to assess, the student feeling ready to be assessed (including contributing personal factors), as well as changes in curriculum causing mentors to feel less competent in assessing certain areas (Price, 2007). My assessment was of the competence of a first year student utilising pa in assessment tools appropriately to successfully gain a pain score from a post operative patient. I considered this to be an area of importance due to the integral part of professional training pain assessment is recommended to serve; considering pain as the fifth vital sign (Royal College of Nursing (RCN),2008).Considering the expectations of first years participation in observing vital signs, competence is important for patient safety (Lomas 2009) . I would consider this assessment a direct observation of a procedural skill (Wilkinson et al 2008). An observing qualified mentor was present and observing at all points of the assessment and feedback. The observing assessor provided written feedback regarding the assessment provided (Appendix 2).The assessment was planned including the criteria and a number of questions developed, to test the learners understanding (appendix 1). The criteria for assessment was structured and at an appropriate level for the student on both a theoretic al and practical level (Stuart, 2007). The developed questions were aimed to make the student provide rationale for their choices within and around the assessment, aiming to make the assessed skill less of a series of tasks and provide a more versatile skill applicable in different ways (Cassidy, 2009).I waited until the ward was quiet to ensure there would not be interruptions and the assessment would not be compromised (Rutowski, 2007). Initially, I introduced myself to the student, as it was the first time we had met, this aimed to familiarise myself with the student and aim to reduce their anxiety (Price, 2007). I went on to tell the student what exactly I wanted them to do, approximately how long it would take and reassured them not to be worried as this was not a formal assessment, aiming to reduce anxiety (Price 2007) and make expectations clear.It was identified by my observing assessor that I did not enquire as to previous experiences of the learner. Although I knew that th e student was a first year and the assessment was appropriate as such, enquiring further into their experiences may have provided a link that would have altered the assessment in some way and perhaps have assisted in supporting further growth (Newman and Pelle, 2002). My assessor also felt that outcomes should have been more clearly identified at the beginning of the assessment.Though the information was provided, and in an appropriate environment (Price, 2007) a shorter almost bullet point summary at the end of discussing outcomes may help to prepare the student for what is expected of them (Stuart, 2007) and reduce confusion or anxiety (Price, 2007). When the student had completed the first criteria, I asked her my first question. This took into consideration the students approach to communication (Dickson et al, 1997) and their knowledge of basic child development (Sheridan et al 1997), knowledge applicable to core skills in many ways.The student correctly prioritised the order o f pain evaluation, completing the second criteria (International association for the study of pain (IASP) 1994, Broome 2000). I asked the student the second question at this point, the student demonstrated theoretical ability to integrate with the nursing team to provide safe and effective care (Stuart 2007, Lomas 2009). Finally for the assessment the student communicated well with the child and their family demonstrating effective family centred care (Casey 1988) and successfully gained an appropriate pain score (IASP 1994) using the ‘Wong-Baker faces pain rating’ (Wong et al 2001).After the pain score had been gained I asked my final question which was how often should pain observation be done, which the student correctly responded to in accordance with RCN (2008). My observing assessor felt that at points my speech was too fast and noted that I needed to repeat myself on occasion. Speaking at a slower rate allow a student to digest and understand information given to a better level, and prevents them from becoming overwhelmed with information faster than they can process it (Prozesky 2000).I provided a feedback session for the student, aiming to develop a sustainable proactive learning relationship with the student (Cassidy, 2009), which included an action plan made with the student (Appendix 3). Considering that the student was essentially competent at the skill, the action plan was focussed on gaining a greater range and experience in order to gain a more reflexive experienced quality regarding the skill and provide more holistic competence (Cassidy, 2009).The feedback was provided positively and constructively and seemed to help with the students self esteem with regards to the skill, creating a more supportive working relationship and conducive learning environment (Clynes and Raftery, 2008). The student-mentor relationship is crucial to the students learning experience (Ali and Panther 2008, Beskine 2009, Goppee 2008, NMC 2008b, Wilkes 200 6, White 2007). Effective communication skills can help identify a student causing concern at an early stage in order to pre-empt failure (Caldwell et al, 2008).Though feelings of sadness or failure may be felt by the student and mentor from failing assessment, and this provides a challenge, it is important for mentors not to avoid these situations if a student has not met desired outcomes as this may have far reaching implications on student progression (Duffy and Hardicre 2007a, Duffy and Hardicre 2007b, Wilkinson 1999). The feedback was scheduled and provided shortly after the session aiming to give the student prompt support if required and to correct any unsatisfactory behaviour if present (Duffy and Hardicre 2007b).Considering the feedback, and my own reflections on the assessment, there is need for my future development. I will also endeavor to speak more slowly and learning more about the student prior to assessment. , and provide a more clear identification of outcomes . I would consider gaining feedback on the students performance from the patient and their family in the future. This would allow us to take into account the view of the service user and family to promote clinical excellence and family centred care is of a high quality (Department of Health 2004, Casey 1988).Overall, my observing assessor thought that my assessment of the student was appropriate for their level of knowledge, skill and attitude (Bloom 1956, Hinchliffe 2009, NMC 2008b) and effective in determining the level of competency in this area. Part 4: My practice based teaching session I prepared a teaching plan (appendix 4), a powerpoint presentation (appendix 7), handout of the presentation and a handout of the various tools for pain assessment (appendix 8) before my teaching session.This teaching took a mostly behaviourist approach as opposed to a cognitive approach, however, discussion during the learning allows for a more cognitive approach(Figure 5). I arranged for a qualifi ed mentor to observe and assess my teaching and the feedback I provided to the student (appendix 5). They provided written feedback on my session (appendix 6 and appendix 9). My assessor noted positive use of further reading and handouts, to enhance the students personal knowledge and support for further adult learning (Knowles 1990, Beskine 2008).Provision of printed handouts, particularly with space for notes beside them, may help accommodate students who have dyslexia, and may otherwise struggle to absorb the information provided (White, 2007). Figure 5. (Synthesised from Bullock et al 2008, Goppee 2008, Hinchliffe 2009) Learning theory Description Behaviourist Information provided by teacher, student relatively passive. Cognitive (humanisitic) Student centred. More useful in vocational teaching like nursing. Relates past experience (knowledge or theory).I booked and prepared the seminar room on the ward to ensure there wouldn’t be disturbances, a formal teaching session w ith clear aims of what to achieve (Goppee, 2008). Utilising a space like this creates a professional and friendly environment helping create a good learning environment (Beskine 2008, Hand 2006). My assessor observed that I had created a welcoming environment. My assessor commented on the high quality of the evidence based content within the teaching session, my own skill and knowledge in this particular area.Providing good evidence based information assists in providing excellence in care (Department of Health 2004, Beskine 2008). Using examples from practice also helped describe to the learner applications of the theory to practice (Knowles 1990). My assessor noted my good eye contact and body language, reassuring the student encourages continued attention, interest and a positive relationship (Dickson et al 1997). My assessor commented upon the open questions I asked, keeping the student interested, engaged and relating to practice, encouraging cognitive learning (Figure 5).Furth er learning revolved around the student as an adult learner identifying how to best expand their knowledge in this area by approaching it in a more kinaesthetic learning style (Pashler et al 2009, Figure 6). Figure 6. (Synthesised from Dunn et al 1996, Given and Reid 1999) Learning Style Advantages Disadvantages Visual Learns through images, visual tools or imagining events. May need more time to complete tasks. May have decreased interest in theoretical values. Auditory Learns well through talks or lectures.Absorbs sequenced organised information well. May use checklist. Highly unlikely to be able to multitask. Can focus on one area at a time and neglect ‘the big picture’. May not work well in groups. Kinaesthetic (Tactile) Learns through doing. Tends to enjoy the experience of learning. Finds it easy to demonstrate. May miss instructions or information if presented orally. May find paying attention to detail difficult. My observing assessor noted that at some points t he speed of the session was a little too fast.This may cause the student to become confused or not absorb the information that I am teaching (Prozesky 2000). On reflection I can use this experience to expand my personal knowledge and how to develop further (O’Callaghan 2005). I will speak more slowly so that the learner can gain more from my teaching session, and consider the student as an adult learner with previous experiences, which can be used as a resource (Knowles 1990). I could also have asked how the student learned best and accommodated their learning style effectively (Rassool and Rawaf 2007).A wider range of learning styles (figure 6) would accommodate all types of learning (Rassool and Rawaf 2007, Pashler et al 2009). I would also put more emphasis on patient safety issues (Beskine 2008). Part 5: The Leadership skills required by a Mentor I am aware that being a mentor is part and parcel of leadership behaviour (Girvin, 1998). Transformational leadership concentra tes on the ability to influence situations or people by affecting their methodology of thought and role modelling (Girvin, 1998).Transformational leadership in nursing encourage autonomy and enable students or staff to reach their potential and promotes good interprofessional rapport (Pollard, 2009). By acting as a role model in my clinical setting and seeking to address obstacles inherent in mentorship on the ward, it is possible that I could not only develop myself and the students that I mentor, but also other mentors on the ward and their behaviour and practice in a positive way (Girvin 1998, Pollard 2009).Obstacles such as staffing levels, busy ward environment and the pressure of clinical commitments impact upon me damaging the effective working relationship between myself and the student (Beskine 2009, Hurley and Snowden 2008, McBrien 2006). Finding time provide written feedback in a students documentation can be limited (Price, 2007). By e-mailing other mentors evaluations o f my shifts with their students it may become common practice providing a greater range of student evaluation and a positive learning environment (Cassidy, 2009).This feedback can then be sent to the mentor at a quieter time, and discussed with the student prior to, signing and entry into their documentation with time being less of an issue. Despite this being a good use of resources and time management (Beskine 2009) I have already tried this and found often mentors are not interested unless the evaluation bears a particular negative weight with regards to poor performance which must be addressed urgently. Anxiety of the student, or my own as the assessor may effect the reliability, subjectivity or the validity of assessment (Price, 2007).Effectively facilitating the learning of students requires flexibility and understanding for different learning styles including (Bullock et al 2008, Goppee 2008, Hinchliffe 2009, Dunn et al 1996) including adult learning (Knowles,1990) and studen ts with learning difficulties (White, 2007). Strong links between practice and theory (Stuart, 2007) must be in place to ensure suitability of assessment and teaching. Along with these issues, the student-mentor relationship must be nurtured to provide a quality learning experience (Ali and Panther 2008, Beskine 2009).Discussing a students preferred learning style in their initial interview may encourage the student to engage in a higher standard of adult learning (Knowles 1990, Rassool and Rawaf, 2007). This can help me alter my strategies to create a better relationship between myself and the student (Beskine, 2009). I am currently supervisor to a first year student on first placement who has studied in school and sixth form, they do not have a great deal of experience with adult learning, and they have needed additional support and provision of resources to facilitate their learning, articularly with practical skills. Orientation is the gateway to a successful placement (Beskine 2009). Students must be assessed fairly and objectively (Ali and Panther 2008, Duffy and Hardicre 2007a), though this may cause unpleasant emotions to both the student and assessor it is important that this is done, to ensure student progression is not damaged (Duffy 2003, Duffy and Hardicre 2007a, Duffy and Hardicre 2007b, Rutowski 2007, Wilkinson 1999) and competence is insured for patient safety (NMC 2008b, Lomas 2009).I aim to ensure that the students I work with and assess are competent and fit for practice (NMC, 2008b). It is important to regularly work with students and have clear objectives from the initial interview (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a). I am aware that it is my responsibility to ensure concerns with a students performance are raised by midpoint at latest, so that by final interview, there should be no surprises for the students summative assessment of their progress and level of competence (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007a).Asking children and parents their opinions on stu dents working with me, and their performance can provide an insight into the family centred care the student is providing (Casey, 1988) and may allow a greater interpretation of holistic reflexive performance (Cassidy, 2009). On the negative side, a parent is not aware of the pressures upon the student (Price, 2007). The parent of a sick child is anxious themselves and will be more subjective than objective.In conclusion, mentoring is a complex and diverse role, and one I will take on with focus and and knowledge, and endeavor to continue to develop as a practitioner, assessor and teacher in the clinical setting. This reflective process has been incredibly valuable in preparing me to be a mentor, and my personal and professional development. I have gained a much deeper understanding of the mentor student process through investigation of the various aspects of NMC standards, as well as various assessment and teaching strategies. Areas on which I must develop are clear, and in complet ing this ourse I feel adequately prepared, and look forward to further developing my skills and knowledge within this role. REFERENCES References Ali PA, Panther W (2008), Professional development and the role of mentorship, Nursing Standard, 35-39, Date of acceptance April 3 2008. Bass, B. M. & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed. ). New York: Free Press. 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