Odwalla Case Essay

Odwalla Incorporate is known for high quality products and it takes pride in the way the juices are made. However, with E. coli crisis it has become extremely difficult to maintain that standard unless Odwalla designs a proper strategy to counter the effect. I will help you design a communication strategy for each stakeholder to emerge from this crisis, regain loyalty and improve brand image. Odwalla must take full ownership of this crisis and communicate to its stakeholders about the recall process, quality assurance policies and steps taken to resolve the issue. The timing and the process is extremely important to communicate effectively. Below are the list of key issues and the communication strategies for each stakeholder that will help get through this crisis. KEY ISSUES Some of the key issues that Odwalla face because of the E. coli breakout are: †¢Determining communication strategy to respond in the crisis †¢Identifying pasteurizing methods to maintain the same taste and quality †¢Maintaining current core competency – use of minimal production processes to deliver superior taste and nutritional values †¢Researching side effects of adding chlorine, as suggested by a quality assurance manager †¢Identifying ways to provide safe products in future †¢Identifying ways to maintain the customer loyalty †¢Identifying strategy to regain stakeholders’ faith †¢Handling lawsuits from affected consumers These issues will affect the company’s future business operations. Therefore, Odwalla must take immediate action to contain the breakout and find solution to avoid re-occurrence in future. COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES FOR EACH STAKEHOLDER Odwalla must communicate with all of its stakeholders. The following are the communication strategies for the nine most important Odwalla stakeholders – the affected customers, the public, the employees, the crisis management committee, the distributors, the retailers, the suppliers, the officials, and the shareholders/investors. Affected Customers †¢Apologize immediately and take full responsibility for the crisis to the affected consumers by contacting them by phone or paying a visit †¢Guarantee appropriate measures will be taken to fix the issue †¢Send condolences letters to all consumers who are affected by consuming the Odwalla juice and compensate them for medical costs and hardship Public †¢Launch TV, Radio and Internet advertisements to inform everybody about the crisis and seek apology †¢Regain consumer’s confidence by assuring that this issue will be resolved soon †¢Arrange factory tours for public assurance Employees †¢Call in for all-employee meeting to explain the crisis and ask employees for ideas to pasteurize the products by maintaining same taste †¢Send out a memo to all employees requesting them to contact crisis management committee with ideas and inquiries †¢Instruct all employees to direct any questions or inquiries from media to Internal communication department Crisis management committee †¢Identify the batch numbers of the affected products †¢Quarantine all the affected products †¢Develop the recovery plan and review with officials before implementation Distributors †¢Send memos to distributors with batch numbers and ask them to recall the products and freeze any supply going to the retailer †¢Tell distributors to dispose all the products matching the batch numbers given to them Retailers †¢Send memos to retailers with batch number and ask them to recall the affected products. †¢Work with retailers for any customer re-funds requests Suppliers †¢Suspend receiving of all the supplies from the suppliers †¢Ask suppliers to look for E. coli in their supplies and urge them to take appropriate actions †¢Discuss with supplier for ideas and methods to avoid any contamination even before the products get to Odwalla facility Officials †¢Communicate openly with the health agencies and law officials by cooperating with the investigation process †¢Explain the recovery plan developed by crisis management committee †¢Get certified for the process from the health agencies Shareholders/Investors †¢Call for immediate Board of director meeting and explain the crisis, recovery plan and cost of fixing the crisis NEXT STEP Odwalla must take immediate action to avoid damage to customer’s confidence level and lose faith in stakeholders. In order to resolve the issue quickly Odwalla must take following important steps: †¢Identify the contaminated batch numbers †¢Quarantine the contaminated products †¢Communicate with all stakeholders †¢Find the root-cause of contamination †¢Implement the solution from root-cause analysis †¢Get approval from health agencies †¢Keep consumers updated via advertisements – TV, Radio, Newspapers and Flyers †¢Organize factory tour for customer satisfaction FINAL WORDS Odwalla must communicate immediately by enforcing the communication strategies. The consequences for not communicating effectively are worse and will affect from losing customers to long lawsuits and filing bankruptcy. It will be very challenging to find a solution that will maintain the same taste and not to have pasteurized the products. However, you will find smart and effective ways of communicating with stakeholders in this memo that will not only help Odwalla regain the lost glory but also avoid any adverse implications. With every Core Competencies, there are rewards and crisis. Odwalla must embrace this crisis as a lesson learned and use this experience to come up with new tools and technologies for production process and live up to its vision: â€Å"Odwalla’s vision has always been to nourish people everywhere with the ineffably honest art and rhythm of nature’s offerings. We live on the principle of respect for our consumers who rely on us for consistent quality in taste and nourishment and respect for the earth on which we rely for holistic nourishment† I would like you to consider my communication strategies and be calm and patient in handling the crisis. Please feel free to contact me for any questions you may have.

Overcriminalization Essay

In every nation, people are governed by a government. The very purpose of having a government is to have a highest authority to maintain peace and order in a nation. A government, through its legitimate authority and power, sets up laws and rules and every citizens are expected to follow. These laws are granted as a guide and ensure that the activities and affairs of every individual are within the context of legality, morality, accepted customs, and traditions and is not violating other people’s rights. Body In criminal law and even in the Constitution, crimes that are against people and properties are defined. This includes murder, rape, robbery, theft, among others. Corresponding punishment has also been provided for the purpose of distinguishing the legal standard of justice (Husak, 2008, p. 6). Significantly, justice is the very reason for penalizing individuals who acted beyond their right. However, justice also has standard that cannot just easily be measured. But the laws are controlling and in the context of the law, justice is served. On the part of every individual, he is given freedom to act, provided that he is not violating any laws. In the society, changes are also indispensable, like the existence of homosexuals. For these changes and acceptance of the people of taboos, many argue that overcriminalization exist in the criminal justice system of the country. Meanwhile overcriminalization refers to idea that laws regulating public morality may result in a substantial diversion of police, prosecutor, and judicial time, personnel and resources. In the medical and psychological arena, homosexuality is accepted; however such has been criminalized under the sodomy law established since nineteenth century (Greenbers, 1988, p. 455). Notably, During WWII, a man was convicted of 20- year in prison for running an entertainment establishment for homosexuals despite his effort in catching German spies (Greenbers, 1988 p. 455). Since then several men were indicted for a long year imprisonment because of heterosexual relationships. Gays’ and even lesbians’ acts and choice were controlled by law. A wrong choice would be equivalent to imprisonment. Since then the sodomy law has been challenged of its constitutionality. Several gays claimed that sodomy laws curtails their freedom to privacy and choice. However, the court stayed the legality of the law until 2003. In Lawrence v. Texas (539 U. S. 558), the petitioner, a man, was caught in his private room having carnal knowledge with a man. They were arrested for violating the sodomy law. In court, Lawrence raised that the law violates their constitutional right on equal protection, due process and privacy. After extensive debates, all sodomy laws were stricken out in all states and the gays and lesbians were liberated. Primarily, the court stressed that gays have Another overcriminalization seen is the prohibition on alcohol consumption. In the olden era, wine serves as medicine for several diseases and as pain reliever. Wine was also among the essentials in gatherings and ceremonies. Through time, many alcohol beverages were processed to make it more intoxicant. However, it was made a crime to consume alcohol and other form of intoxicants. The authorities argued that alcohol can make a drank an evil because of the effects of intoxication. Many crimes were committed due to drunkenness and to avoid further crimes, the law prohibited the citizens to take in alcohol. However, the curtailment of crime resulted to the violation of right. The legislature kept on defining numerous crimes instead of setting up a fairer standard that will regulate alcohol. At present, the law is still silent as to the issue on lowering of drinking age from 21 to 18 years of age. Many argue that adults below 21 year- old are penalized for consuming alcohol and considered it as ironical when they were granted political and civil rights at the age of 18. Through this, the law is seen to have overcriminalized. However, the law is becoming lenient because several adult below 21 are able to drink without being caught. While it may be observed that the law is becoming lenient on criminalizing some immoral acts, other forms of overcriminalization can be noticed today. Although liberations have been celebrated by various classes, the public is endangered of other being punished severely for petty crimes. With the death of sodomy law and alcohol bans, the liberty of the citizens are yet unsettled. After the 9/11 terrorist attack several laws were passed by the Congress to curtail terrorism. However, it has a drawback against the citizens. The Patriot Act which encompasses crimes of smuggling and money laundering is considered to have its way to overcriminalization. This is so because of the imposition of a grave penalty to a petty crime. An astonishing example is David McNab, a fisherman, who was charged for smuggling and money- laundering for bagging a 5. 5 inches lobster (Berlau, Making a Meth of the Patriot Act). . For a minor environmental violation, McNab is now serving a â€Å"multi- year sentence† (Berlau, Making a Meth of the Patriot Act). Many more types of overcriminalization are expected in the enforcement of the Patriot act because of the free access and intensified surveillance that authorities are able to do. In some states, overcriminalization do exist. In District of Columbia, the state law and even federal law prohibit the unauthorized use of the â€Å"Smokey Bear† emblems (Luna, 2005, p. 704). The lawful exercise of religious belief in school and in public placed are even punished or restricted due to the insistence of separation of church and state principle. Nevertheless, while overcriminalization may still exist, today’s regulation has become more lenient than before. Rights to same- sex marriage, common law relationship, and even possession of gun by private individuals are just some of the evidence of laws leniency. Since the feudal time, many changes have occurred that even various kinds of discrimination were eradicated. Many liberalists were overjoyed and are even lobbying for other rights that are made punishable by laws. As for them, the enjoyment of liberties is the real guarantee of democracy. Conclusion Since nineteenth century, the government’s authority was so broad in scope that citizens were enjoying a limited freedom. Any acts of immorality in eyes of the church then were also punishable by law. Several private rights were not recognized due to the controlling laws and unacceptability of the society of the changes. These led to the perception that overcriminalization is existing in the legal system. In the twentieth century, laws that impose punishments for immoral acts were invalidated by the courts. Indeed, overcriminalization has slowed a bit. However, due to the pending threat on security, the overcriminalization may be strengthened. But the civil liberty advocates are watchful of every government acts to avoid further curtailment of rights and eventually guarantees respect to democracy.

Plato\s Republic Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato

Plato?s Republic is a profound philosophical treatment of the meaning, nature, and application of justice by way of describing the perfect city-state and the use of comprehensive allegory. As Ancient Athens was the prototype for the modern ideas of Democracy, Republic is still incredibly relevant. The discussion of justice is not only explored from a political standpoint, but it also informs Epistemological views on nature, beauty, and truth, adding even more weight and importance to the term. During the time of Republic (circa 380 B.C.E.) Two prominent philosophical groups were splitting Athens apart, a rivalry from which the beginning of Republic is spawned. Plato belonged to epistemology, a branch of philosophy dedicated to the nature of knowledge. Plato and his colleagues believed in logic and reason as a means of reaching the truth while criticizing emotions and sensory perceptions. The Sophists, the archenemy of Plato?s ideas, were merely concerned with rhetoric and applying la nguage in any means necessary to gain a desirable outcome. The effect that these differences rendered on the topic of justice is brilliantly displayed in ?Book 1? through dialogue by Plato?s analogue, Socrates, and a temperamental Sophist called Thrasymachus. The argument between Socrates and Thrasymachus sets the tone for the remainder of the book and gives Plato a place from which to start explaining justice, and specifically what justice is not. ?Book 1? of Republic is distinctively different than the remainder of the book, both stylistically and in intent. Plato established the logistics of his argumentative tactics and engages in a heated discussion about justice that will necessitate the explanations and proofs provided in ?Books II ? X.? The so-called meat of ?Book I? begins with a confrontation between the hotheaded Sophist, Thrasymachus, and Socrates as they enter into a disagreement about the worth of justice; a diversion from Socrates? original task to define justice itself. Thrasymachus? assertion can be encapsulated in the phrase, ?Justice is the advantage of the stronger.? He believes that justice is unnaturally imposed upon humans and is contrary to their desires, as well as entirely unprofitable. In terms of external gain, Thrasymachus points out that the perfectly unjust will necessarily profit where the just will not because they will be unfettered by a notion of morality. Perfect injustice will allow one to a cquire more money, power, status, etc. at the expense of the unjust. This follows the basic Sophist idea that no such thing as morality really existed, but only what was advantageous or disadvantageous to a person. It stands to reason, then, that if a man were to be faced with cheating his way into greater profit or honestly gaining less, the unjust path would make more logic sense. The intrinsic value of injustice, Thrasymachus thinks, is also far greater than that of justice. A person who is able to gain money and power, even through disreputable means, will be happier as a result having the spoils of his injustice to enjoy. Though Thrasymachus? confidence is deceiving, there are considerable flaws in his ad hominem argument, specifically the wording and his fluctuating and interchangeable definitions of ?justice? and ?injustice.? Socrates wastes no time cleverly evaluating the statements of Thrasymachus and then using them for his own benefit to prove that justice has significant worth and necessity. One of the most important things to note about the argument posed by Thrasymachus is his attempt to use rhetoric instead of logic. It is even noted in ?Book I? that Thrasymachus is equating justice with injustice. Likening opposites to make a point is clearly the weaker strategy as it doesn?t actually make sense, and this is something Socrates must work around, as he is objecting to the idea the justice is the advantage of the stronger. Rhetoric aside, the first objection by Socrates lies in human fallibility. Because all humans are fallible (and this can not be disputed by even Thrasymachus) an unjust person would eventually make a mistake that may undermine his own success. For instance, an unjust man might kill someone he suspected to be an enemy and that man actually could have been an ally; this would be a mistake that could ultimately reduce the unjust man?s power. Socrates second objection is

Image edge detaction - Sobel Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Image edge detaction - Sobel Method - Essay Example aim of the whole ‘Edge Detection’ process is the conversion of 2D Images into Curves or a collection of curves; this in turn highlights the boundaries of the objects that tend to produce specific changes in colour intensity. Hence all the information (geometric information) in an image; more commonly termed as objects such as the Colour, hue and brightness is attained by the properties of intensity changes in images. The history of Image Edge Detection includes not only the basic methods that like Gradient Method and Laplacian Method but also those methodologies that were based on these two techniques. The time-period of 1960 – 1980 was specifically significant for the formulation and the development of the Discrete Gradients and Laplacians where as another method was introduced in the 1980s and was known as Marr – Hildreth; Laplacian of Gaussian. In the year 1983 Canny Edge Detectors and their basic principle of working surfaced and joined the lists of Image Edge Detectors. ‘Linear and non – linear Scale Space’ was another mode that surfaced in the year 1985. ‘Morphological Gradient and Laplacian’ is yet another term that represents an image detection method; originated in 1979. What history the process of Image Edge Detection has, saw a boom in the research work applied to the field and the development it made in the late 20th century and still is underway in the 21st century. This boom had its peak displayed magnificently in the late 1980s and the level of research is maintained till the current day thus enabling progress and expansion in the field. Edge Detection procedures not only identify but also point out the location of the Discontinuities in a subject image which are fundamentally based on the difference between the intensity levels of ‘Pixels’, which determine the limits or, to be more precise, ‘Edges’ in the constituents of an image. Edge detection operators employ the use of different variables to which they are sensitive

Revising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Revising - Essay Example These include logistics, activities prior to the trip, activities during trip and activities following the organized research trip for business students. The study reflects the approach that smaller universities and colleges can take to meet accreditation standards. Getting accredited will help them internationalize their standards and incorporate learning into their curriculum. South Korea has been included as an example to analyze internationalization of the business curriculum. Hofstedes model demonstrates essential differences between United States and South Korea. Traditional cultural practices are witnessed in South Korea and have to be well known by business students. Active learning plays a critical role to enhance problem-solving skills (Sohn, 2006). The case study highlights the importance of including active learning component along with international dimension in a business curriculum in South Korea. There are certain accrediting agencies like Association of Collegiate Business Programs and Schools and Collegiate Schools of Business International, which aims at designing innovative business program. The international dimension outlines importance of diversity or multicultural understanding. Other standards put across by accrediting agencies are a global business dimension where globalization plays an integral role in the business curriculum (Yu, 2010). Another aspect of such curriculum is including problem-solving mechanism as well as active learning skills. Both these objectives could be simultaneously accomplished by focusing on abroad programs for teaching staff and students. However smaller schools lack sufficient funds to incorporate abroad study program for an entire semester. This study is inclined towards an overseas program held in South Korea (Self, 2009). The exchange program to South Korea is divided into various segments such as logistics, trip activities, post-trip

Environmental Effects of Global Warming in Florida Research Paper

Environmental Effects of Global Warming in Florida - Research Paper Example This paper talks about the phenomenon of the global warming and its effects in Florida. Through undertaking this research the various environmental effects of global warming within the state become clearly understood. The experiences within other are reviewed through the research. The research will become essential in seeking to provide solutions to the adverse effects presented to the environment by global warming, upon the state of Florida. This exploratory research will seek to gather information regarding environmental effects of global warming in Florida. The information is gathered through review of existing environmental publication, exploration of the region and interviews with some interest group members. The average temperatures across the world have been observed to rise over a long period of time. These rising temperatures have continuously presented various effects upon the environment and other social systems across the world. Greenhouse gasses have been identified as presenting the biggest challenge in contributing towards global warming. Physical effects include the increased occurrence of extreme weather cases, which have been observed. These include hurricanes, which have been associated with global warming. Oceans have also been identified as becoming more acidified by the absorption of gases causing global warming. The temperature rise has also been observed within the oceans. The state of Florida has an extensive coastline, and the global warming effects from the oceans could be available.

Value nd Utility Differ Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Value nd Utility Differ - Research Paper Example The need for strategic management in public sector has made organization to become more accountable for achieving best value performance and within a market concentrated arena. â€Å"It is perceived that the  government can benefit from private sector management and obtain better value for money  than by embarking on an infrastructure project by itself, using traditional public ownership and procurement methods† (Lienert, 2009, p. 16). In the public sector, value relate to production of goods and service to generate an influence on socio economic problems affecting the society at large. Value is ascertained by an authorizing background, enabling public organizations to influence its utility and provide the necessary finance. The concept of utility of the approach concerns with professional administration in an organizational form, which in any case applies to be a good feature for many public sector organizations. By persuading managers to concentrate on a limited number o f procedures it aims to support precision and utility of strategy accomplishment. In a public sector production processes create value addition in all of the world’s high technology production. Benefit derives from a trade surplus in revenues from production processes and technology. ... hly distinguished customer experience that eliminate dissatisfaction and brings happiness to customers and increase market share besides facilitating higher revenue growth. BlueJay Manufacturing Company is at crossroads in its development. As the business expands, they faced a crisis: too much business. BlueJay's in recent time product launches are more in demand than had been anticipated by the senior leadership team (SLT). Consequently, they were struggling to find methods to meet that higher demand. BlueJay worked hard during recent years to develop its once tarnished quality image, and the SL Team felt that this approach was the best method to maintain sufficient control of both quality and cost. On the other hand, with product demand now rising radically, a different tact must be considered. Beyond integrating the risks of outsourcing into the assessment, compare the in-house expenses to the supplier proposals BlueJay wants to completely capture the total life cycle expenses for finishing the work with in their own resources and hence outsourcing decision is not made on buy price alone. Though BlueJay does desire to keep the job inside, it necessitated considerable capital investment Butler decided that he wants a cross-functional group with representation from the other departments in the company and feels that he particularly requires the finance group and those entire experts in financial analysis for assessing the production versus purchase decision for the proposal to be given to the SLT. The supply chain program at leading utilities has altered substantially in current years. The original focus on savings cost and organizational effectiveness has evolved, with increased activity across every utility sectors, to confront the challenges of supply, cost

Final Questions 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Questions 3 - Essay Example For instance, some people believe Thomas Jefferson was right. Indeed, commonsense dictates that the dead should not dictate how the living should be governed. The experiences that influenced the Framers of the Constitution in writing the document may have a different interpretation with the passage of time. Thus it bows to commonsense and reason that each generation should draft their own constitution on how they should be governed. Rewriting the constitution for each generation asserts the freedom upon which the American nation is founded. A rigid constitution thrown by the Fathers on the children, rob the later of their freedom. Furthermore, events throughout American history show that the constitution needs to be rewritten for each generation. For instance, in times of severe economic hardship, the presidential form of democracy as presented in the U.S. Constitution could be an expensive institution to maintain. Thus there is need for an alternative cheap form of democracy that wi ll guarantee same freedom. This calls for rewriting the constitution. On the other hand, some group of persons believed James Madison was right. Rewriting the constitution for every generation could be an expensive endeavor both in terms of time and resources. Indeed, given that the political, social and economic status quo may not change every generation, it will be a waste of resources and time.

Comparative Analysis of Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative Analysis of Slavery - Essay Example Within his book for instance, he emphasizes that an approximate 82 percent of the Union officers had articulated patriotic assurances , at the same time as only an approximate 52 percent of the Confederate soldiers did so; an approximate 84 percent of the South Carolinians he considered were powerfully patriotic, while an approximate 46 percent of the North Carolinians were.13 He had made an attempt to quantify the Confederates' racial slavery . Their observations along with their views on slavery. Their aim was not really to quantify their findings along with their racist comments; however it does seem that they intended to establish the amount to which their men had been dedicated to slavery and how it had influenced all their lives. The Abolitionists, within U.S. history, particularly from the year 1830 to the year 1860, believers of the required liberation of the African-American slaves. These Abolitionists are to be eminent from these free-soilers, who disparate the addition of slavery. The dynamic campaign had its mainspring during the revitalization (1820s) within the North of their faith, with its ethical exigency to end the aberrant practices of slavery. It accomplished the crusading stage during the 1830s, directed by Theodore D. Weld, the brothers Arthur with Lewis Tappan, also William Lloyd Garrison. The American Anti-Slavery Society, recognized in 1833, swamped the slave states through abolitionist journalism as well as pushed in Washington, D.C. The Writers like the J.G. Whittier along with orators like the Wendell Phillips loaned the force to the reason. In spite of the harmony on their goal, the abolitionists were alienated over the technique of accomplishing it, Garrison supporting the ethical suasion, others direct opinionated achievement. Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet B. Stowe, developed into an effectual portion of the abolitionist propaganda, plus the KANSAS question stimulated mutually north plus the South. The terminating act of abolitionism was John Brown's attack on the Harpers Ferry. Abolitionist stress for instantaneous liberation of the slaves after the outburst of the Civil War resulted in Pres. Lincoln's Emancip ation public statement. The abolitionist association was one of high ethical principle and audacity; its inflexible displeasure accelerated the termination of slavery inside the U.S. (Colin Edward Woodward, 1997) Stanley Elkins: In slavery a problem in America institutional and intellectual life 1959 accomplished that the recognized capitalism other than the race presents the actual clarification for the acts of slavery. There was nobody within the American south not even the church nor the state that would stop the un moderated capitalism from turning into absolute slavery as one of his indispensable conclusions was that the master ought to have unconditional authority over the slaves body.( Thomas D Morris Capitalism is a social system founded on the gratitude of the personality rights, together with the land rights, within which all the property is confidentially owned. The gratitude of the character rights involves the expulsion of the physical power from human relationships: essentially, the rights can be desecrated only by the means of force. Within a capitalist society, no man or else a

Electric cars and bikes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Electric cars and bikes - Assignment Example Nevertheless, little success has been achieved because each state has some hidden interests on this issue. As a result, the world continues to suffer from increased temperature levels, desertification, and rising sea levels. Different countries such as China have been the most hit. In such areas, the governments have tried to come up with various measures that are aimed at regulating the levels of pollution and greenhouse gases being released in the atmosphere. For instance, Paris has set up policies that ensure that only cars with specific number plates are allowed in the city. Therefore, in order to reduce the level of pollution, the production of electric cars and bikes should be encouraged (Offer 2011). Fossil fuels from cars have been said to produce the highest amount of greenhouse gases to the environment. Electric cars and bikes use clean energy and do not contribute in polluting the environment. Therefore, as a way of protecting the public from adverse effects of pollution, the public should be enlightened on the benefits of using electric cars and bikes. Currently, the number of the middle class in the world is on the rise. This generation prefers the use of personal vehicles, an aspect that has increased the level of pollution in the atmosphere. In order to arrest this situation, automotive industry should be encouraged to produce more electric cars and bikes for the market (Schroede & Traber 2012). Electric cars and bikes are easy to maintain and dispose. With the increasing emphasis on renewable energy, the production of electric cars and bikes would be important in ensuring that a clean environment is achieved. In addition, the batteries used by electric cars and bikes are disposable and can be recycled (Michalek, 2011). This is important in ensuring that a clean environment is maintained. Currently, the economic conditions have been stiffened by high inflation. The

War Poets Research Paper Essay Example for Free

War Poets Research Paper Essay Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon are both considered two of the best war poets to ever write. These two poets actually possess many similarities with Sassoon being a great influence on Owen. With both of them being a part of World War I, that greatly motivated them to write poetry about the war. Neither one of them was very fond of being in the war. This led to them both writing poems of anger and distress towards the war. Both Owen and Sassoon had terrible experiences with war so one can understand where the anger they wrote with came from. Owen’s poems describe actions in the war and how awful and miserable he was as a soldier. Sassoon’s poems do not contain as much of an angry tone as Owen does in his but Sassoon does portray war as being totally negative with nothing good to say about it. Owen and Sassoon are very similar in that neither one of them are war friendly, they had tragedies that made them feel this way, and wrote poems of how they despised World War I. At the time Wilfred Owen was writing his poems, the world was in the middle of a war known as World War I. He considered the subject of his poetry during that time frame to be â€Å"the pity of war,† and sought to present the grim realities of battle and its effects on the human spirit. With a subject like this it was obvious that he was not a fan of the war and it shows in many of his poems. The motivation for him to write poems in such grueling detail of the war really shows his true feelings towards it. In his poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est,† he describes his account of war. In it he quotes â€Å"Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots †¨But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This clearly shows why he would have such hatred toward war. All throughout the poem he talks of how dismal he and other soldiers are and the terrible experience they had during war. In another one his poems â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth,† he speaks about the funeral of a young soldier. In the very last line of the poem he says that each slow dusk is â€Å"a drawing down of blinds.† This line in the poem describes the suffering that loved ones of the soldier endured during the burial. In this line Owen is kind of giving a warning that war is a stressful event and loved ones can be lost in the act of war.

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay Example for Free

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay Marla is a 42-year-old Hispanic female who comes to the mental health clinic complaining of having trouble sleeping, feeling â€Å"jumpy all of the time,† and experiencing an inability to concentrate. These symptoms cause problems for her at work, where she is an accountant. As a psychiatrist I would need to diagnose Marla with the proper disorder, explain information about the diagnosis, and discuss possible treatments with her. It would be near impossible to make an accurate diagnosis without more information. First, I will clinically assess Marla by asking her a few questions without her realizing right away that I am trying to diagnose her from the second she enters my office. I will ease into the conversation to gain more insight before she notices what I am doing. I would like to provide a brief interview of how I would expect it to go, given the disorder that I have diagnosed. Hello, Marla. I am Joy Wardrip. It’s a pleasure to meet you. Will you tell me a little bit about yourself? Marla would likely introduce herself, tell me that she is an accountant. She would go on to tell me how she has been feeling anxious for a bit and how it really distracts her from her work. She would tell me how she has trouble concentrating and that too is affecting her work. She would likely be a bit emotional, perhaps teary-eyed as she expresses her frustration with the occurrence of these recent symptoms and how she would like to symptoms to be explained and to go away. She may even express how she wants to feel â€Å"normal† again. I understand your frustration and it is ok to feel frustrated. How long ago did you notice a change in your behavior? Marla would let me know that she had been feeling this way for the past six to eight months. She would also tell me that she can’t remember anything that has happened in her life to explain the anxieties that she was feeling. She would tell me how she would like for things to go back to the way that they used to be. How is your relationship with your parents? Marla would describe a great upbringing. She would explain how she is very close to both of her parents. She would go on to describe her childhood, which was abuse and torment free. She would speak of many good memories with her parents and how she is an only child. She would go on to tell me that she was quite spoiled and had no bad memories of being a young girl. Is there any mental illness that runs in your family? Also, have you ever been diagnosed with any disorders or are you on any type of medication? Marla would tell me that no psychological disorders were apparent in her family and that she is not currently taking any medication. She would tell me that she had only just recently went to her family doctor to discuss her symptoms and that the doctor recommended that she speak with someone to find the root of her troubles and to explore the possibility of her having a disorder. She would tell me that is why she came to see me. What was life like before you felt the symptoms that you have described to me? Marla would respond with how she was always very happy, always smiling. She would tell me how she lived a worry-free life and was very social. She would discuss how she had many friends and how she enjoyed her work. She would describe herself prior to the symptoms as someone who was very optimistic and upbeat. She would then go on to say that she only just realized that it had been quite a while since she had gone out and dined with any of her friends. Have you suffered any type of trauma? This can include anything from your past that caused you great pain or suffering mentally or physically. This could be an accident, death of someone close to you or abuse. Marla would bring up her childhood again and remind me that it was abuse free. She would also let me know that she had never been in a car accident, aside from a fender bender which really caused no damage to herself or her vehicle for that matter. She would tell me that she had been a victim of an earthquake years ago but that it didn’t seem to affect her anymore. She said that she was a bit shaken after the earthquake but that she had moved passed it almost effortlessly and that she hadn’t even really thought about the incident in some time. I would like to go back to something that you mentioned earlier. You said that you hadn’t gone out in a while, are their certain situations that you try and avoid because of your anxiety? Marla would explain that she didn’t like going to work. That she was missing several days because she felt uncomfortable in her office. She would explain that the more that she called in the less motivated she got to go and that it was really causing a problem for her at the workplace. She would tell me that she was afraid if something didn’t give, she would be fired. She would tell me how she wanted to leave while working because she felt claustrophobic, as though she needed to get some air or go clear her head. You mentioned that you have been having trouble sleeping here lately. Can you tell me a little more about that? Do you know of anything that may have lead to the trouble sleeping? Marla would tell me that she had been having trouble sleeping throughout the night. She would let me know that she didn’t struggle to get to sleep; she just had trouble staying asleep. She would let me know that it was really irritating her and that it was affecting her at work. She would tell me that she wasn’t arriving late to work but that she didn’t feel that she had gotten enough rest when she got to work and that she felt very tired during the work day. Do you often have dreams that recur often or do you have nightmares often? Also, how often do you wake and remember your dreams and what do you remember about them? Marla would likely tell me that she didn’t dream often, nor did she have nightmares. She might say that perhaps she doesn’t remember the dreams once she has awakened. However, Marla would share with me that she often felt very shaken and jumpy after having waken up. Had this taken place, I may suggest that she keep a journal by her bed so that she can record anything that she remembers about her dreams and how she is feeling upon waking up. Have you ever experienced flashbacks? This is when something seems very real and the images are very clear. Perhaps you have experienced feelings similar to the feeling that you felt during the earthquake that we discussed earlier? Marla would tell me that she really struggled with flashbacks following the earthquake, but that she hadn’t had any experiences with them from some time. She would tell me that it had been a few years since she had experienced them. Following the interview, I would likely diagnose Marla with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). I would explain to her that it is a incapacitating anxiety disorder that is experienced by people who suffer traumatic events. I will explain that these events can be related to warfare, rape, abuse, car accidents, or in her case, an earthquake. I would explain that the traumatic event can produce many characteristic symptoms which she has described to me, such as flashbacks, inability to concentrate, insomnia, and changes in emotions. Finally, I would explain the origin of the disorder by using the cognitive model of psychology. According to this model, one must understand human thought to understand its behavior. When people show abnormal behaviors many theorists look at cognitive problems. These problems can include illogical thinking processes and maladaptive assumptions. I would then try and help her to realize what she is doing and how she is responding to the trauma of the earthquake so that she can later focus on changing her faulty ideas and thinking processes for a form of treatment. This treatment would be achieved through a series of therapies in which I teach her to calm herself and control her emotions and behaviors (Comer, 2005).

Sport In The Construction Of Masculinity

Sport In The Construction Of Masculinity Gender studies is an interdisciplinary study which investigate different aspects of gender. Sport is one of the aspects that researchers in these years are trying to analyse in a gender perspective. It is believed that sport is socially conditioned based on many researches. This essay will examine sport contributing to the construction of masculinity by several ways, they are: gender stratification in tradition, homophobia in sport, sport as male bonding ritual, biased opportunities towards men and media influence. Further examples and elaborations will follow in each point to demonstrate sport is indeed a social constitution constructing masculinity. Sport has long been instituted as male dominated and masculine in orientation by a couple of reasons. First, the historical gender stratification throughout a century has established that sport is an institution constructing masculinity. We are living in a patriarchal society that male are always in superior status than female, from economic status to daily life. The society has embedded a concept that the role of women is to give birth and their only obligation is to take care of children. But in 20th century, women are no longer highly dependent on men, as more and more women have become labours in the market. It has shortened the distance between two sexes, but obviously gender inequality cannot be eliminated so easily. Bilrell and Cole (1990) have mentioned that superiority of physical fitness is the key factor of winning in sport, and sport is the main activities emphasis on the sexual differentiation. Since sport emphasizes a lot on strength and bravery, male are thought to per form well innately than women (Klein 1990). As a result, the male participating rate in sport in general is higher than women. It is no wonder that Zane Grey (1992) in his book wrote All boys love baseball. If they dont theyre not real boys. This concept was passed on from generation to generation and eventually sport becomes a site constructing masculinity. Second, homophobia is another factor constructing masculinity in sport. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, sport has somehow developed into a male hegemonic activity. Male who does not participate in sports are not regarded as real man, and female participating in sports are thought to be manlike. They may, therefore, be treated as homosexuals. In fact, in the traditional socialization process, men in the early age had learnt that male who does not perform in manly way may see as homosexual (Messner 1992). Athletics, no matter male or female, may sometimes make apparent or even exaggerated movement to show their masculinity and femininity, just because they are afraid of people confusing their gender identity. Ordinarily, males characteristics are tough, aggressive, competitive, physically strong, whereas women tend to show attractive appearance, to do make-up and wearing feminine clothing. The traditional association of physical strength, power and athleticism with masculinity causes many people to question the sexuality of women athletes. Former tennis star Chris Evert paid great attention to whether or not she acted like a woman in the court, and almost the end of her tennis career she finally willing to admit that she is an athlete (Woolum 1998). Though she is a tennis player, she tried to act like a woman so as to maintain her feminine image. When Evert evaluated on her early stage of career, she said she never feel like an athlete, she was just a person playing tennis (Woolum 1998). She would like to be a complete woman such as having nail polish and wearing fancy hair band, rather than a freak in others eyes. From this example, we have seen that sport is thought to be male-oriented. Since female athletes challenge traditional notions of femininity and their abilities are seen as stereotypically masculine, female athletes are always contending with homophobia so that they will not be labelled as lesbian. It, in turns, lessens females willingness to p articipate in sport. As for men, they tend to participating in sport in order to show their manhood and avoid categorized as gay. It is, therefore, understandable that sports is a site for the embodiment of masculinity because of its nature of male-oriented. Third, sports play an important role in masculinity because sport is constructed as male bonding ritual. Similar to fraternity and military, sport helps young boys making connections in their life (Fine 2000). As we all know, sport focuses a lot of competitiveness and aggression, or sometimes, even involves physical contact and collision in between athletes. These are the elements that enable the notion of masculinity and the hegemonic ideal to construct a boy into a real man. Burstyn (1999) believed that sport provided the kind of rituals of conquest and aggression that men with a weak sense of masculinity needed to symbolize, to make physical and palpable, the difference between a mans man and a mamas boy , which means sport is succeeded in socializing boys into manhood despite the absence of the family father (Burstyn 1999). Here we realize that sport is in fact served as an embodied ritual of confirming and strengthening mens gender identity. Even if some children may live in sin gle-parent families, they are still able to achieve manliness as sport can be a replacement of father for them to obtain masculinity. All men can group together to retain their manhood and to reassert their gender privilege via sport. Thus, we can conclude that sport is a bonding ritual for men to construct their masculinity. In addition, biased opportunity towards men is a way to gradually construct masculinity in sport. Traditionally we are told that girls are only suitable for activities which are related to the aesthetic side of sports such as ice cheerleading and skating. Females are not recommended to engage in high physical contact activities such as rugby, boxing and soccer. In the schooling stage, gender socialization and gender typing shaped teenagers how they should act based on their gender. Plausibly, self-fulfilling prophecy has occurred and these norms have shaped individuals behavior, which in turn shapes future expectations. This cycle has shaped our society into a male supremacy culture, and sport is an embodiment of this notion. The opportununties bias can be seen particularly in the professional ranks. Womens sport would never be at the top of the pirority when business companies looking to use sports to market their product (Person 2009). They concerned with earning money from the adv ertsing and they believed that the money return will not be as much if they invest in womens sport (Person 2009). The average salary can obviously indicate the inequality of opportunities within two sexes, men are able to earn 4 millions in average whereas women can only earn approximately 1.4% of men, around $55,000 in average. Without social and economical motivation, girls devote less time to the sport. As a result, sport become male domain and a site for constrcuting masculinity. Finally, media influence is a factor contributing to the masculine construction in sport. The Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles has done a research (Wilson 1999) claiming that over 90% of American teenagers consume sports media. Since sports are mostly dominated by men, from the athletes and coaches to the commentators and reporters, media is definitely influential enough to transmit ideas about masculinity and maleness. And when it comes to reporting sport news, the newsworthiness is the main point reporters are focusing on. Mens sport is generally believed to have more attention and enthusiasm from the public, compared with womens sport. Sometimes after a match has finished, reporters are able to immediately interview male athletes in the changing room, it is, however, impossible to do the same thing on women. It is, therefore, clear that there are lots of bias and limitations on sports media which ultimately contribute to the construction of masculinity in our society. In conclusion, sport was demonstrated as being a dominant social institution which naturalized mens power and privilege over women. It has marginalized and trivialized female athletes, which sequentially help reproducing the ideological of masculinity in sport.

Essay --

Niall Killian Killian 1 Samson 6 Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells; it starts in the bone marrow which is the soft tissue inside most bones where blood cells are made. When you are healthy your bone marrow makes red and white blood cells. Red and white blood cells help your body fight infection and carry oxygen to all parts of your body. When you have leukemia, the bone marrow makes a unusual amount of abnormal white blood cells known as leukemia cells. Leukemia cells don't work like normal white blood cells, they grow faster and they don't stop growing when they should. Over time, the leukemia cells crowd out and outnumber the normal blood cells which can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs causing serious swelling and pain. Many wonder how one acquires leukemia and is it genetic. The answer is yes and no, various connections between heredity and leukemia has been found due to the few Leukemia causing factors that are inherited. Scientists have researched to see if there is any connection with external causes, but there is no relationship between external causes and leukemia. The cause for leukemia is still unknown. An experiment was conducted in the UK in 2010 where they tested if leukemia was more common in males or females. In males, it is the 9th most common cancer and in females it was the 10th most common cancer. That year there were 8,257 new cases of leukemia in the UK, 4,816 were men and 3,441 were women. It varies for age groups as well. 62% of cases were diagnosed in men and women over the age of 65, and only 10% were diagnosed to men and women under the age of 35. The reason why Leukemia is more common i... ...p 1 and gap 2. Due to this the cell divides at a unnatural rate and causes many mutations. Cancer always starts with just one cell dividing at a rapid rate due to external or genetic factors, and while genetic factors are uncontrollable, most forms of cancer can be avoided by for example using sunscreen to avoid UV rays or choosing not to smoke. Some cancers are simply not avoidable like Leukemia, but if you keep a close eye on it, it is treatable especially if it is caught early. The symptoms of Leukemia are good indicators that your body is not healthy, so you shouldn’t pass off confusion, vomiting, or seizures as anything not important especially if you have a family history of cancer. Over 38,000 patients are diagnosed with leukemia each year and it can happen to anybody, so regular blood tests are highly recommended because the sooner you find out, the better.

Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost Essay -- Biography B

Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost During the height of Robert Frost’s popularity, he was a well-loved poet who’s natural- and simple-seeming verse drew people - academics, artists, ordinary people both male and female - together into lecture halls and at poetry readings across the country.1 An eloquent, witty, and, above all else, honest public speaker, Frost’s readings imbued his poetry with a charismatic resonance beyond that of the words on paper, and it is of little surprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and aloneness in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more often, the inte raction between the two is destructive and disastrous. An analysis of a sample of his works - in this case his second book, North of Boston, as well as a few of his later poems - reveals these recurring themes, and the different interpretations Frost brings to them. It is this variety of interpretations that is fascinating: though his firmly held â€Å". . . belief that everybody was a separate individuality and that collective enterprises could do nothing but weaken the self†2 clearly led to this feeling of loneliness or separation that permeates his works, he does so without falling into a sense of needless pessimism, taking great care to bring out the themes’ multiple aspects under varied contexts. These contexts are: poe... ...l fireplace - are a little harder to place, though. 7 Another poem, this one outside of North of Boston, that deals with this identical theme is The Tuft of Flowers - except that one emphasis the separationn between the workers, and leaves it ambiguous wether this separation is a good or bad thing. 8 Although there are a few indications of regret/displeasure: his walk is a repentance, his walking is a profanation. And are ‘the cottages in a row’ indeed a sufficient substitution for a companion (‘No one at all with whom to talk...’)? 9 Frost, and specifically North of Boston, lends itself especially well to feminist criticism. With poems such as The Death of the Hired Man, Home Burial, A Servant to Servants, The Generations of Men, The Housekeeper, and The Fear, each of them dialogue pieces, there is an abundance of male/female interaction to be analyzed. Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost Essay -- Biography B Isolation and Nature in the Works of Robert Frost During the height of Robert Frost’s popularity, he was a well-loved poet who’s natural- and simple-seeming verse drew people - academics, artists, ordinary people both male and female - together into lecture halls and at poetry readings across the country.1 An eloquent, witty, and, above all else, honest public speaker, Frost’s readings imbued his poetry with a charismatic resonance beyond that of the words on paper, and it is of little surprise that people gathered to listen. Yet it remains somewhat ironic that his poetry would possess this power to bring individuals together - poetry that, for the most part, contains a prevailing theme of alienation, of a sense of separation from society, of isolation and aloneness in an uncaring world. Running parallel with this is a second theme concerned with the interaction between the human and the non-human: occasionally the ‘non’ may serve as a comfort for the dispossessed - but more often, the inte raction between the two is destructive and disastrous. An analysis of a sample of his works - in this case his second book, North of Boston, as well as a few of his later poems - reveals these recurring themes, and the different interpretations Frost brings to them. It is this variety of interpretations that is fascinating: though his firmly held â€Å". . . belief that everybody was a separate individuality and that collective enterprises could do nothing but weaken the self†2 clearly led to this feeling of loneliness or separation that permeates his works, he does so without falling into a sense of needless pessimism, taking great care to bring out the themes’ multiple aspects under varied contexts. These contexts are: poe... ...l fireplace - are a little harder to place, though. 7 Another poem, this one outside of North of Boston, that deals with this identical theme is The Tuft of Flowers - except that one emphasis the separationn between the workers, and leaves it ambiguous wether this separation is a good or bad thing. 8 Although there are a few indications of regret/displeasure: his walk is a repentance, his walking is a profanation. And are ‘the cottages in a row’ indeed a sufficient substitution for a companion (‘No one at all with whom to talk...’)? 9 Frost, and specifically North of Boston, lends itself especially well to feminist criticism. With poems such as The Death of the Hired Man, Home Burial, A Servant to Servants, The Generations of Men, The Housekeeper, and The Fear, each of them dialogue pieces, there is an abundance of male/female interaction to be analyzed.

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein Essay examples -- Philosophy Phil

Mind, Soul, Language in Wittgenstein ABSTRACT: I show that the latter Wittgenstein's treatment of language and the mind results in a conception of the human subject that goes against the exclusive emphasis on the cognitive that characterizes our modern conception of knowledge and the self. For Wittgenstein, our identification with the cognitive ego is tantamount to a blindness to our own nature — blindness that is entrenched in our present culture. The task of philosophy is thus transformed into a form of cultural therapy that seeks to awaken in us a sensitivity to different modes of awareness than the merely intellectual. Its substance of reflection becomes not only the field of conscious rational thought, but the tension in our nature between reason and vital feeling, that is, between culture and life. It is well known that Wittgenstein is responsible for two great moments in the philosophy of this century; the first initially and incorrectly identified with logical positivism, and the second even now considered as paradigm of Analytic philosophy. Insofar as identifications, both interpretations seem to me to show an imperfect and only partial understanding of Wittgenstein's philosophical motivations, but I do not intend to discuss that point on this opportunity. What is important to our present purposes is that what separates his two great works is his discovery of a kind of intellectual blindness produced by the almost exclusive predominance of one single conception of knowledge or rationality in our culture. The first signs of this philosophical shift are found in Wittgenstein's observations not specifically about language but rather about ritual practices, as they were considered in The Golden Bough. In his opini... ...of devotion their incessant, inevitable and essential tension. Notes (1) "Remarks on The Golden Bough", (OF), p. 58. (2) OF, p. 73; Cf. Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, II,  § 39-40, pp. 84-5. (3) OF, p. 78. (4) OF, p. 83. (5) All these attempts announce what Wittgenstein will call our "form of life". (6) Cf. Philosophical Investigations II, iv. (7) This example is derived form Stanley Cavell's discussions in: "Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy" in: Must We Mean What We Say?, Cambridge University Press, 1969. (8) Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, v.1,  § 313 (9) Cf. Marcia Cavell: The Psychoanalytic Mind: From Freud to Philosophy, Harvad University Press, Cambridge, 1993, p. 102. (10) Cà ©sar Vallejo, in El arte y la revolucià ³n, Lima, Mosca Azul Editores, 1973, p. 70 (11) Cf. Philosophical Investigations, II, xii

National Security Vs. Individual Rights Essay

No form of government can survive†¦ when the life of the nation is at stake.† Because I agree with Clinton Rossiter, I affirm the resolution that When the United States is engaged in military conflict, the demands of national security ought to supersede conflicting claims of individual rights. Definitions from Encarta World English Dictionary Engaged in Military Conflict means fighting open warfare. Demands of national security means protection against loss, attack, or harm to the citizens. Ought to supersede means that there is a duty or obligation to take the place or position of something. Conflicting means not able to be followed or acted on, because each requires different and incompatible actions. Claims of individual rights are demands for entitlements, freedoms, or privileges a person has. Before I begin, I have an observation about the resolution. The demands of national security and claims to individual rights must be viewed as legitimate. Because the resolution says ought, we are debating about whether or not national security is a justifiable cause to limit rights. I am upholding SOCIAL WELFARE as my value. Societal welfare is the conditions under which somebody may live satisfactorily in a community. The criterion upholding my value is the PRESERVATION OF SOCIAL ORDER. The United States has the obligation to its citizens to preserve the society by acting on the demands of national security. Contention I: Government is created to preserve welfare by restricting individual rights. Before government was created, we live in what John Locke called the state of nature. In this state of nature, humans were absolutely free. However, we are not able to enjoy these rights because we are not provided safety. We enter a government in order to preserve life, liberty, and property. Locke states: â€Å"[Man] gives up [self-power] to be regulated by laws made by the society, so far forth as the preservation of himself, and the rest of that society shall require; which laws of the society in many things confine the liberty he had by the law of nature.† Even when man is in harmony with government, certain individual rights are limited. When in military conflict, however, justice and security are both compromised, and something must be done to protect them. Contention II: Government must provide for the safety of the society during war by further restricting rights. The highest obligation a government has is to provide the protection of its citizens, and certain rights that may be allowed in less vulnerable times may jeopardize national security during military conflict. Because new forces endanger the society, new measures must be taken to preserve societal order. Jean Jacques Rousseau affirms this. â€Å"Only the greatest dangers can outweigh that of changing the public order, and the sacred power of the laws should never be interfered with except when the safety of the country is at stake.† Even certain constitutional rights may be temporarily superceded during these times. Political Science Professor Martin Shaffer explains: â€Å"To meet the challenge of a major emergency, the barriers against omnipoten t government established by the constitution must oftentimes be transcended.† Contention III: Government has the duty to protect its citizens. When the government restricts rights, it does so to provide security to its citizens. Assuming, as we should under this resolution, that national security is at risk, government, by entering this social contract with its people, has the overall obligation to protect societal welfare. It must restrict certain freedoms of expression, privacy, and due process if it will protect the people. Security must come before rights. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs places security just above physical needs such as food, water, and shelter. Without security first, rights become invalid and government is unable to function. Men cannot respect a government that does not preserve society. In conclusion, as a legitimate government, the United States has the obligation to protect societal welfare. Because it must protect its citizens above all, temporary infringements on rights are necessary.

Сomparing “A Women to Her Lover”, “How Do I Love Thee?”, “When We Two Parted”, “Remember” and “Villegiature”

I will compare A Women to Her Lover by Christina Walsh, How Do I Love Thee? By Elizabeth Barrett Browning, When We Two Parted by Lord Byron, Remember by Christina Rossetti and Villegiature by Edith Nesbit. The poems I have chosen, four are written by women and one by a man and I think that this is a representative romance as women are more romantic. The only man I have chosen is Lord Byron. There is a common theme in these poems which is the theme of love. In two of the other poems I have chosen Villigiature and A Woman To Her Lover the theme of love is related to powerful and equal love. I think that Remember and How Do I Love Thee? are representatives of the Romantic movement because they stimulate many aspects of the theme of love and the poets do this by showing their love through the poems and I think that A Women to Her Lover, When We Two Parted and Villegiature are not representative of what we believe to be typical of the Romantic movement as they write with very bitter words in their poems which could hardly be romantic in the most common sense. The first two I will compare is A Woman to her lover and â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? and â€Å"A Woman to Her Lover†. This is about a woman who is fighting with her lover telling him that she is not a slave and she will not sit in the house all day looking after his children. She gives ultimatums to the man. She does not want him to expect her to be â€Å"a wingless angel who can do no wrong†, i. e. the ‘perfect wife' who's place is in the home. At the end of the poem she says â€Å"But lover, if you ask of me/That I shall be your comrade, friend, and mate†. This shows that the woman is ready to love him and be loved but on a very equal footing. A very modern perception and not one attached to typical romantic writings â€Å"How do I Love Thee? † is about the feelings that a woman has about her lover; assuming that this poem was written for Robert Browning, her husband, the poet is almost treating him like a God. â€Å"For ends of Being and ideal Grace†. She talks mostly about God. Christina Walsh in â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† also talks about God at the end of her poem â€Å"Until we reach the very heart of God† however she wants her lover to be passionate about love and through that passion they would reach ultimate heights together. She is asking for equality but Elizabeth Barratt Browning just talks about how she worships her husband. â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† is a non-reflective poem, portraying a female perspective of love. The moment we read the title of the poem, we think of the word ‘lover' as portraying equality with relationship; the woman is talking to her lover whereas in most romantic themes, women are either talked about or to. â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † is also portraying a female perspective of love however this time it is towards her husband. This poem has deep love from the wife without rational reasoning. It is the opposite of â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover†. â€Å"How do I Love Thee? † shows the male as the dominant and she worships her husband, Robert Browning unlike Christina Walsh's message who put across is that women should be equal to men, which could be seen as shocking for its historical context. Other implications of this are the relation of ‘lover' to cohabitation, which is becoming increasingly common in this day and age. This highlights the key theme of the poem, whereby she is getting her message across of demanding equality in a relationship; ‘No servant will I be If that be what you ask, O lover I refuse you! in the first stanza, emotions are strongly evident but very different from the romantic period. She introduces ‘conditional love' and as a result, she is demanding equal rights. Alongside this, ‘physical love' is also suggested. The word ‘lover' tends to bring out the physical aspect of the theme; there is a sense of passion, however there is no reference to marriage where a man had rights over his â€Å"woman's† body. She quotes: ‘my body supple only for your sense delight,/Oh shame, and pity and abasement'. This brings out her bold and daring nature. She uses words like â€Å"comrade†, â€Å"friend† and â€Å"passion†, which put across a completely different tone, showing her more demanding side to the relationship. ‘Woman of our time' Following that, ‘hand holding hand' also is written without gendering to imply belief of equality in a relationship. There is also less evidence of a male dominance in the relationship but in â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † I think that the male is more dominant because Elizabeth Barratt Browning â€Å"falls to her feet† in the poem. The poem â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† is written in free verse but â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † is in a sonnet form. The structure of â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† reflects the narrator's tone, as she is determinedly commanding freedom and equality, without being restricted by the social constrictions of her time, whereby the norm was that of a male dominated relationship. The sophisticated writing shows traditional contrast to the seemingly modern topic. Her long syntax causes an empowering tone whereby we can tell she is fixed in what she wants. Her strong character is amplified by her use of powerful language, for instance, words like â€Å"bend†, â€Å"bondslave† and â€Å"drudgery†, show her fearless character and also how strongly she wants equality. She alliterates these words in ‘bondslave to bear'. The structure of her syntaxes also conveys a sense of resolution, for example she confidently uses caesuras: ‘Go! – I am no doll'. This also portrays a conditional balance since it is a direct answer to the solution she aims for. Walsh also uses a lot of figurative imagery; and these different types of imagery help amplify the effects the power that love can have on people. Such as use of personification in the last stanza: ‘our co-equal love will make the stars laugh with joy'. Also the words â€Å"stars† and â€Å"spheres† suggest how love with equality exceeding other characteristics of love. Only in the last stanza we see her address her lover as ‘husband', whereby we immediately sense the change of tone, with greater respect towards the one she is addressing. The last line of this stanza consists of the terminology fields of religion, which she portrays by use of divine imagery, as she ends the poem with an overjoyed height of happiness: ‘until we reach the very heart of God'. There was a frequent reference to religion in the romantic period context. This shows the nature of the narrator is very believing. She believes in: herself, God, and the way she is treated by her lover can change, despite her social environment. However, on the other hand, Browning is worshipping her husband and she is willing to do anything for her. Browning lived in a society that was dominated by men, this effected her writing a lot. In the poem â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † she compares her love to one thing or another â€Å"I love thee with the passion put to use†, she is comparing her love to intensity equal to that experienced during the day. She also refers to the death of her mother and her brothers, â€Å"In my old griefs† her â€Å"old greifs are her mother dying then her brothers.. Villegiature by Edith Nesbit gives the impression that she's lost interest in her husband, telling us that he â€Å"bores me† and she dreams of a romantic love, and one that she indulged herself in with a fling whilst she was away from home. The poem starts with a light-hearted and peaceful mood but the poem â€Å"Remember† has a sad and melancholy tone to it. The speaker in â€Å"Villegiature† wants a stereotype, but she wants one that is found more in literature and poetry than in real life whilst the speaker in â€Å"Remember† wants the love of her life to remember her when she dies. Nesbit uses romantic clichis to say that she wants a man who will treat her more lovingly; she alludes to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet because Romeo has the quality she is looking for. The man in her life is far from what she wants; she illustrates him sitting at a desk â€Å"deep in dull books,† using alliteration to show how repetitive and drab the man is. This poem deals with stereotype of realistic men. In the poem â€Å"Remember†, from the starting stanza which quotes ‘Remember me when I am gone away', implies a loving, yet sad, request. One of the aspects of the theme of love evident in this noble sonnet is ‘imperfect love'. This idea is based on the frequently used theme of religion in her work, since Rossetti was devoted to her Christian faith and love of God. At the end of the poem she says â€Å"Better by far that you should forget and smile/Then that you should remember and be sad†. Here she is telling her lover that she rather him forget her and be happy and live his life then to be sad. There is a notion that death is about to tear them apart however this is not immediately clear, since it is vague as to whether she is choosing to leave the person she is addressing, or dying. Death is never named, but is alluded to in the opening lines through the distant, ‘silent land', although we are left uninformed of how much time she has left. This highlights the theme of a parting in love: absence. Villegiature† can also be compared to â€Å"When We Two Parted† by Lord Byron because they are both in a way, harsh towards their lover. Byron uses imagery to describe the â€Å"morning dew† and how it reminds him of the â€Å"shame† he is in. His tone is shameful and his conscience is already getting to him. He portrays her as cold â€Å"pale grew they cheeks and cold,/ colder thy kiss†. He begins with this description of her at their separation; his description of her begins with the physical mention of her cheeks. This beginning admits the foreshadowing of continued sorrow throughout the poem when the speaker says â€Å"truly that hour foretold/ sorrow in this. † This gives a negative connotation to the word â€Å"you† from the very beginning. How they all 3 compare! Loss. These poems all have the theme of loss. In the poem â€Å"When We Two Parted†, Byron loses his lover and he is hurt by that â€Å"Long, long shall I rue thee,/ Too deeply to tell†. In Villegiature Nesbit has lost interest in her husband and has a fling with another person â€Å"Your solid self, long leagues away,/ Deep in dull books, had hardly missed me†. In â€Å"Remember†, Rossetti refers to death and dying and she is telling her lover to move on after she dies â€Å"Remember me when I am gone away,/ Gone far into the silent land†. All of these poems have a continual theme of love however, love is not the same; there is a demand for equal love â€Å"To live and work, to love and die with you†, a worshiping and devoted love â€Å"I love thee with the passion put to use†, a time to move on â€Å"Remember me when I am gone away†, a reminiscing of better time â€Å"I watched the still and dewy lawn†, and a loss of love â€Å"A shudder comes o'er me/ Why wert thou so dear? . The poems â€Å"Remember, When We Two Parted†, and â€Å"Villegiature† are all poems about loss and reminiscence but the poems â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† and â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † are about love with a positive outlook. â€Å"A Woman To Her Lover† has the theme of a powerful and equa l love but in â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? † there is strong passion and deep love for the lover and he is almost venerated as a God. â€Å"Remember† deals with the theme of pain, life and joy for the past but â€Å"Villegiature† has a different theme of reminiscence of a distant time when the poet was having a better time.

Memory Project: Application to Learning & Study Habit Essay

Memory is the capability to learn, retain, store and remember information from previous experiences. Memories are accumulated from prior experiences and recollected, which can influence change of behavior or thought. This ability can assist with learning and adapting to new experiences. Memory is essential to our lives. Without a memory of the past we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow. Without memory we could not learn anything. Short-term memory is information a person is thinking of at that specific time, it is also known as working memory (Morris & Maisto, 2014, pg.188-189). Short-term memory is the ability to remember and process information at the same time. Short-term memory acts as a kind of â€Å"scratch-pad† for temporary recall of the information which is being processed at any point in time, and has been referred to as â€Å"the brain’s Post-it note†. When trying to recall a telephone number or a small number of items needed at the grocery store, this information is held for â€Å"fifteen to twenty-five seconds and is known as short-term memory† (Morris & Maisto, 2014, pg. 194-195). The problem with short term memory is that only minimal amounts of information are remembered and for small periods of time. Long-term memory is anything you remember that happened more than a few minutes ago. Long-term memories can last for just a few days, or for many years (Morris & Maisto, 2014, pg.191). Long-term memories aren’t all of equal strength. Stronger memories enable you to recall an event, procedure, or fact on demand; for example, that Paris is the capital of France. Weaker memories often come to mind only through prompting or reminding. Long-term memory isn’t static, either. You do not imprint a memory and leave it as if untouched. Instead, you often revise the memory over time; perhaps by merging it with another memory or incorporating what others tell you about the memory. As a result, your memories are not strictly constant, and are not always reliable.

America And Ethnicity Of The Races Essay

Racial discrimination and social inequality is a worldwide social illness. This especially happens in highly developed countries that have capabilities of granting the needs of numerous immigrants from other countries. However, the provision of being highly developed is also a way by which countries become highly diverse in population and culture. Mainly, this is also the reason why there exists too much discrimination in the said type of societies. In this regard, the American society is among the focus of the discussion of such issues. To be able to understand the impact of the said issue towards the society, two major public policies shall be examined in support of the said issue. The policies to be tackled in this paper would be pertaining to the Criminal Justice Policy and Immigration Naturalization Policy. Using the events that govern the said policies, this paper shall introduce the issues that govern the race and ethnicity issues of the American government and politics. Leon E. Wynter’s â€Å"Transracial America Sells† shows how the black-Americans already lead the entertainment industry. As he usually talks about the â€Å"browning of mainstream commercial culture† in most of his compositions, Wynter points out how the radical shift in the place of race and ethnicity in American commercial culture since the late 1970’s really affects the preferences of people in the marketplace. He also adds on his essay how nonwhite Americans are giving so much profit to the entertainment industry. He says â€Å"color has been weaving through music, sports, television, news media and literature in a bold band that had never been seen before†. True, even the different expressions such as â€Å"Wassup† which came from the black-American culture is already widely accepted. Meanwhile, Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Let America be America again† talks about the long-lost dream of the American race. A unified country giving everyone a chance to live in a rather easy life through laboring everyone especially those who are in dire need of employment. In his poem, he points out how much the land of America really belongs to those who plow it such as the farmers, to those who cultivates its culture and resources, to those who really serve their country to the hardest yet best way they could. Contrary to Wynter’s composition, Hughes sees the marketplace to be a place of greed widely using people for its own profit and gains. To Hughes, this kind of false equality is rather a hindrance to the true essence of the American dream. As obviously seen, both of the writers likes to show how possible it really is to attain the American aim of being unified as one country. One believes in what is obviously seen in the society specially on the marketplace where both white and nonwhite Americans gain the fame and thus influence the greater crowd of a mixed culture and depict a unified America, while the other strongly suggests on putting the lesser fortunate into employment and letting them gain from what they have earned since the land belongs to them. Consequently, Wynter’s vision of the dream of equality is far more obvious than that of Hughes’. Wynter’s idea is more practical and thus more appealing to almost everyone in the entire globe. Even other countries actually see the reality of what Wynter says â€Å"transracial sells†. Surely, many will agree that the mixed culture of the white and non-white Americans is widely spreading in the whole world through media and entertainment. Since technology has already evolved so much, the unification of different races is easier attained through the use of the entertainment industry and commerce. As a fact, a bigger percentage of the world population is highly influenced with what they see on TV or n the Internet which commerce usually uses as a medium of selling it’s products. Hughes’ poem on the other hand is also acceptable although it’s a bit of the less truth that is actually happening right now. We are actually leaving in a world where oppression is really rampant and the fact that it happens to those who are less fortunate, his vision of the American dream is somewhat hard to fulfill. Sad but true, we are actually living in a society where the fittest in the group survives. It is also convincing when Hughes pointed out how greed affects the marketplace so much, that sometimes the equality that the entertainment industry shows is rather false since its only driven by profit-oriented goals of commerce and yet it doesn’t care so much on the needs and interests of the greater number of the lower members of its community who give it the chance of existing. After all, there would be no such kind of commercial success without the existence of those who patronage its product, the people who have lesser opportunity in the marketplace. But even though he had such a good view on how the American dream could be fulfilled, he still lacked the practical way on looking on what has already been done to meet that certain American goal. As clearly mentioned in the evidences above, at some point, racism and ethnic discrimination may still be a main problem that the American Government should face. However, with the policies created by the political parties of the country especially regarding the immigration and criminal justice systems of the country, it could be seen how the community has been faring on the said issue so far. As mentioned by Patterson in â€Å"The Ordeal of Integration†, â€Å"the large and continuous growing number of ethnic groups having a middle class life in America proves that the social policies of the country concerning ethnic groups are applied strongly and are re3ceiving fine results†. Hence, the statement, which was made by Higham earlier, has been proven true and shown as a resolvable matter in the American society. Yes, the political balance of the country towards its views of the social minorities would continuously be improved and regulated.

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution Assignment - 2

Remarkable Telecommunication Revolution - Assignment Example The mobile phone handset market has various powerfully interlinked entities. It is significant that the popularity and dominance of each company show a discrepancy in each market.  In this industry, major operator’s function using a wide-ranging set of diverse operation modes. Nokia, for example, has factories, R&D, and sales offices all around the world. The factories are generally situated in low-cost nations but most R&D centers are functioning in countries with advanced research and â€Å"R&D† infrastructure such as the United States, Switzerland, Germany, and Finland. The competing companies considered at this point are the mobile handset manufacturers who perform to make their business safe or fight back with the limited factors of production. Internationalization is happening in all areas of the organization. Especially in â€Å"telecommunications† sector, changes are happening each day. The traditional theories of the process of internationalization of organizations are mainly based on the researches carried out on MNC’s engaged in manufacturing. These theories suggest that the firms can start their â€Å"internationalization† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† with a small â€Å"psychic distance† by entering into â€Å"foreign markets† such as geographical and culturally close nations. Also, the companies can start their â€Å"internationalization† â€Å"internationalization† along with less committed function modes, such as exports, before the commitment of more capital by spending in the â€Å"foreign markets†. The procedure is linear and ultimately develops into a â€Å"global strategy† by the companies.

Computerized physician order entry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computerized physician order entry - Term Paper Example CPOE, permits order entry at point of entry or in offsite locations. The system also decreases transcription and handwriting errors. Further, CPOE allows for error checking of incorrect or duplicate tests or doses for patients. It streamlines healthcare institutions posting of charges and inventory (Hussein, Zaidise, & Linn, 2013).CPOE represents an operational tool that provides evidence based and real-time decision support for the physicians. Various stakeholders such as the Government, physicians, community, and employers need to have a coordinated plan for the evaluation and adoption of CPOE (Muzyk, 2013). This can help to increase the rate of adoption of the technology by hospitals. Therefore, this paper will discuss the computerized physical order entry as a system that is important in the running of the hospital. During the late eighties, hospitals started implementing CPOE. By 1999, various hospitals had computerized most of their medications (Cohn, 2011). Utilization of CPOE is in all orders of inpatient units like referrals, tests, patient care, and medications. Adoption of CPOE faced some barriers. Initially there was lack of involvement of clinicians in CPOE adoption, substandard reliability, and functionality of technology (Kudyba, 2010). There was lack of standardization of some of the medical terminologies. Most hospitals also faced inadequate long-term financial commitment in the implementation. Poor planning is also a barrier to the implementation of CPOE. At the same time, sociological barriers in the use of CPOE exist. Shifts in physical work practices persist due to the increased time that physicians take to enter orders. CPOE implementation impact in the resources, commitment, and efforts is great. Technical properties: The electronic process provides health workers with a chance to enter orders electronically. Physicians are in a good position to manage and control the results of ordered entries. Companies encourage adoption of

Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Blog - Essay Example Janissaries were a formidable fighting force of the Ottomans which gave the Ottomans enormous advantage over the European forces. Gradually, firearms, infantry drill, muskets, grenades and hand cannons were introduced which further strengthened the Janissary corps. However, the original organization was strong enough to adopt these advancements. There were infantry and cavalry soldiers. The infantry was divided into seven groups: janissaries, recruits, armorers, artillerymen, artillery carries, bombardiers and sewermen. All of these groups, formed by Turkish yongmen, were strong enough to provide the military with a tough corps. Hence, it is concluded that the military should have a robust organizational structure first of all, so that it is resilient enough to adopt newer ways, tools and equipment. Although, it is also true that without the introduction and adoption of firearms, muskets, and etcetera, the Janissaries would have ended up much sooner than they did, however, the import ance of organizational structure cannot be denied as with any other field of

Financial Analysis for International Company Essay

Financial Analysis for International Company - Essay Example RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING FINANCIAL RISKS: 11 6.2. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING OPERATIONAL RISKS 11 6.3. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MARKET PLACE RISKS 12 6.4. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MACRO-ECONOMIC RISKS 12 7. References 13 1. INTRODUCTION: Dixons Retail Plc is the largest electrical and computing retailer in Europe. The company offers wide range of products and services and it operates in 26 countries. The company sells the following products: Consumer electronics, Personal computers, Domestic appliances, Photographic equipment and Communication products. Principal products like Brown goods, white goods, computing products and mobile phones are sold by the company. The company is a multi-channel retailer that sells products over the internet, in stores and by phone and it also provides product support services to the customers. B2B sales and services are also carried out by the company. (Forbes.com LLC , 2011) 1.1ABOUT DIXONS RETAIL PLC: The company offers wide range of produ cts and services and it operates in 26 countries. In 13 countries, the company has approx. 1,200 stores. The company has over 38,000 employees and it holds number 1 position in the UK & Ireland, Greece, Nordics and the Czech Republic. (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) The company operates four divisions which are as follows: 1. UK & Ireland 2. Nordics 3. Other International 4. E-commerce Important information related to these four divisions is given below in the table: (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) UK & Ireland Nordics Other International E-commerce SALES ?3.8bn ?2.3bn ?1.2bn ?0.8bn EBIT ?71.3m ?105.6m (?21.6m) ?0.9m MARKET POSITION Number 1 Number 1 Number 1 in Greece, Number 2 in Italy and Czech Leading internet operator across Europe SHARE OF GROUP 47% 28% 15% 10% NO. OF EMPLOYEES 23,091 7,343 6,191 1,398 NO. OF STORES 642 285 308 - 1.2 TURNOVER: In 2006, Dixons Retail’s turnover was ?7,403,400,000 then in 2007 it was ?7,929,700,000 i.e. an increase of 7.108%. In 2008, the turnover wa s ?8,545,900,000 then in 2009 it was ?8,364,600,000 i.e., a decrease of 2.122%. In 2010, the company’s turnover was ?8,532,500,000 i.e. an increase of 2.007%. (WorkSMART, nd) 2. FINANCIAL POSITION: In 2007, Dixons Retail’s profit was ?114,100,000 then in 2008 it faced a loss of ?192,800,000. In 2009, the company again faced a loss of ?140,400,000 but then in 2010 Dixons Retail achieved a profit of ?112,700,000. In 2011, the company faces a loss of ?224,100,000. (WorkSMART, nd) In 2007, Dixons Retail’s revenue was ?7929.70m then in 2008 it was ?8488.00m i.e. an increase of 7.041%. In 2009, the revenue was ?8317.80m then in 2010 it was ?8532.50m i.e. an increase of 2.581%. In 2011, the company’s revenue is ?8341.80m i.e. a decrease of 2.235%. (London Stock Exchange PLC, 2011) Other important Dixons Retail’s financial indicators are given below in the table: DIXONS RETAIL FINANCIAL INDICATORS (Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2011) MAY 2011 MAY 2010 MAY 2009 MAY 2008 MAY 2007 P/E RATIO -2.18 17.42 -4.04 -4.81 89.45 ROCE -14.86 6.56 -14.74 2.4 OPERATING MARGIN -2.93 0.7 -2.67 -3.05 0.42 RETURN ON ASSETS -5.61 2.48 -4.96 -5.68 1.08 EV/BIT -4.17 9.09 -11.73 -7.70 19.43 GEARING RATIO 44.93 37.49 53.73 31.79 23.54 P/BV RATIO 0.8 1.41 1.31 1.48 2.31 P/CASHFLOW RATIO 2.89 14.16 -46.19 6.13 12.57 QUICK RATIO 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.38 0.5 TURNOVER PER SHARE 2.261 2.441 2.825 3.504 3.186 PEG (HISTORICAL GROWTH) 0.06 -0.46 0.12 0.73 -165.66 EPS GROWTH 7.00% 50.00% -90.00%

Contract and Employment Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Contract and Employment Law - Coursework Example In this regard, I would be able to offer her better advice concerning what action she could take and the consequences associated with each action. Discussion This discussion will start with first explaining the ‘Garden leave’ clause in relation to employment contracts and proceed to explicate the extent of its enforceability. This will be with the aim of finding out whether Clarissa can be able to successfully proceed with her compensation claim of unfair dismissal and under what grounds she should do that. According to Smith & Thomas, garden leave clause aims at offering protection for companies against competition in the situation where one of their employees who may be in possession of commercial information which may be sensitive or have relationship with the company’s clients. A clause is enforced in the employee’s contract, which requires them to not work and stay at home for a given period and still receive their pay in full. The time for gardening l eave varies and is between six months and an year. There is an implied term though that throughout this period, the said employee can not in any way breach confidentiality or work in competition with the company he/she is in contract with. In order to understand better the â€Å"garden leave† clause, let’s consider the Tucker v William Hill organization Ltd1. In this case, it was held that, where there is no contract provision that prescribe the time for which the garden leave will be in enforceable, there are limitations in this clause where an employee enjoys benefits accruing from professional activities apart from the economic benefits he/she receives. In this case, the court ruling heavily relied on the relation in the Sawdon& Co. v Turner2which the House of Lords approved in Herbert Clayton & jack Waller Ltd v Oliver3 that the term ‘employ’ needed a flexible meaning and provision of work would not have to necessarily be guaranteed. However, in the ev ent that the nature of an employee’s profession requires him/her to constantly be working in order to progress his/her career, such as an actor attending public galleries’, than, if there were no provided work, the employer would be grossly breaching the employment contract. A similar ratio is seen in Lanston v AUEW (No. 2)4and in Herbert Clayton & jack Waller Ltd v Oliver5as far as theoretical performances, following the reasoning strategy followed in Montgomery v Fechter6, Daly’s Theatre Ltd (George Edwards) vMarbe7. Same ratios where there were indefinite fixed wage contracts such as Sawdon& Co. v Turner8 have long not been employed or applied by the courts. In the event that a contract provides that, an employer has no obligation of providing work, as it was held in the Hayward v Provident Financial Group9, there is no obligation for providing work. It was held in Tucker v William Hill Organisation Limited10 regarding obtaining court injunction in order to i mplementing the garden leave clause, the court in its judgment argued that it was simpler to enforce than in the restraint of trade clauses. In addition, there is a requirement that a fair amount of work or money be given as far as remuneration for