Role of Women in Society

A woman is opposite sex of a man. Women have been of great importance for many generations. Women play the role of wives and mothers in any society. Some religious principals such as the Christians do believe that a woman was created out of man and was given the mandate of giving companionship to the man.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This principal has some truth in the fact that in our society we see women giving companionship to men by being their wives. Apart from this, the woman is the one who gives new life. She posses a womb that a man does not posses. The womb was specifically created for the development of the baby. After this, she gives birth and becomes the mother to the baby. Women are more responsible when it comes to matters related to the family; they have to ensure that every thing is running smoothly as expected. Not only are women conce ntrated on matters of the family but in today’s generation, they are also a key player of the economy in different ways. In the past, the woman was seen as an inferior person who was only expected to remain at home, do the household chores, and take care of the babies. The man was the one to go to work and provide the daily bread for the family, which made men mistreat their wives because women had no power to raise their views or opinions but rather they had to submit to their husbands’ orders. Nevertheless, in today’s world, women go to work and earn money that they join with that of the husband to keep up the family. In addition, the small girls were also gender biased in the fact that they were expectected to remain at home and help their mothers in the house chores while the boys went to school to get education. This left the female child with no option but to remain uncivilized in her entire life. However, in today’s generation, the female child goe s to school and acquires the same education as the male child. It is considered unethical if the parents of the female child fail to take the female child to school and in some countries it is punishable by law. This has led the female child to develop into a very civilized woman that is well updated with the current matters that surround her. Today it is not a shock to see a woman driving good cars, building modern houses because they have become capable to do so. They benefit the economy of a particular country as stated earlier in the fact that they become tax payers which adds a certain percentage of revenue to that particular country.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They are also helping to solve the problem of unemployment because they are day by day becoming more innovative and establishing new businesses and companies that create job opportunities. This stance is really h elping the respective state and that is why the government of a particular country is protecting the rights of the women in their countries. The woman of today has been given the freedom to exercise their views and opinions concerning political matters. They can even try themselves for any parliamentary seat as long as they meet the legal requirements as stipulated by the constitution of that particular country. This has really contributed to the development of countries because men in power are aware of the present competition and criticism if they fail to deliver their mandate effectively. Women are also becoming key players in technological advancement all over the world, they possess innovative minds, they are developing machines and other related gadgets to reduce the manual work of human labor and increase the use of machines. This creates employment to the people that will be handling the machines. Women are also human beings that are identified by beauty. it is said that a w oman can take 50 percent of her time to look appealing. If a woman does not look beautiful, she faces discrimination in the society. This makes the women all over the world place their beauty as a priority and not as an option. Every man in the world desires to marry a woman that is envied by the society, therefore, the woman who does not maintain her beauty is at the risk of being left unmarried. It is important that all women should ensure that they maintain their inward and outward beauty if they have to be considered as beautiful and responsible in the society. Being a woman also has its disadvantages in various ways such as in the birth stage. Some women hate when they are pregnant so they try to avoid this stage and prefer an operation, which is costly and dangerous. Women also are disadvantaged when they are undergoing menstrual cycle because it is accompanied by some specific features. Another disadvantage that the majority of women hate is the issue of being submissive to t heir husbands. Although they may prefer to remain independent, they have no option but to get married because they need a man to bear and have a child. Even if they decide to get a child out of marriage that will affect their child or children lacking a father being part and parcel of normal upbringing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Women in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being a woman is full of responsibilities because they did not elope from household chores even though they live in a civilized society. In fact, their responsibilities have increased because they have to perform their household chores as they still have to perform their household responsibilities. They also have to leave some spare time for spending with their families. That is why a research that has been conducted demonstrates women as people who can multi task unlike men who can only do one thing at a time. From the abov e essay, it is evident that women are creatures of great significant in our society today. They should not be prejudiced by anyone in the society. Women are continuing to establish roots and fight for their rights by developing their organizations that do fight for their rights. It is my hope that each woman in the world will embrace the traits discussed in the above essay to ensure that they truly know the value of being a woman. This essay on Role of Women in Society was written and submitted by user Bo B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

She Walks In Beauty Essays - Lord Byron, Missolonghi, Philhellenes

She Walks In Beauty Essays - Lord Byron, Missolonghi, Philhellenes She Walks in Beauty George Gordon Noel Byron's poem titled, "She Walks in Beauty," plainly put, is a love poem about a beautiful woman and all of her features. The poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter with an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable that allows for a rhythm to be set by the reader and can be clearly seen when one looks at a line: She walks / in beau / ty like / the night. T.S. Eliot, an American poet criticizes Byron's work by stating the poem, "needs to be read very rapidly because if one slows down the poetry vanishes and the rhyme is forced" (Eliot 224). With this rhythm the reader can, however, look deeper into the contents of Byron's poem and discover a battle of two forces. The two forces involved in Byron's poem are the darkness and light- at work in the woman's beauty, and also the two areas of her beauty-the internal and the external. The poem appears to be about a lover, but in fact was written about "Byron's cousin, Anne Wilmot, whom he met at a party in a mourning dress of spangled black" (Leung 312). This fact, the black dress that was brightened with spangles, helps the reader to understand the origin of the poem. Byron portrays this, the mixing of the darkness and the light, not by describing the dress or the woman's actions, but by describing her physical beauty as well as her interior strengths. In the beginning of the poem, the reade r is given the image of darkness: "She walks in beauty, like the night," but then the line continues explaining that the night is cloudless and the stars are bright. So immediately the poem brings together its two opposing forces that are at work, darkness and light. In lines three and four Byron emphasizes that the unique feature of the woman is her ability to contain opposites within her; "the nest of dark and bright/meet" in her. The joining together of the darkness and the light can be seen in her "aspect," or appearance, but also in her "eyes." In this case, "the woman's eyes aren't to be associated with a physical feature, but more as an internal aspect of her: the eyes reveal her heart"(Martin 24). L.C. Martin, from the University of Nottingham, also writes that Byron, "emphasizes the unique feature of this woman to contain opposites within her,"(24) therefore agreeing with the concept that not only is there a struggle between the darkness and the light, but also within the woman. Beginning with line five, the word "meet" is emphasized again as she creates a "tender light," not the gaudiness of daytime, but a gentler light that even "heaven" does not bestow an the day. The night can be thought of in terms of irrationality and the day in terms or reason and neither day nor night is pleasing, only the meeting of the two extremes in this woman. In the second stanza, once again, the opposites are combined. "Shade" or darkness is combined with "day" or light, and "raven tress" or dark hair is linked with a lightened face. If the woman contained with in her and in her appearance either a little bit more of darkness or a little bit more of light, she would be "half impaired." A key word in this section is "grace." Although Byron continuously talks about appearances, in actuality he is referring to the "nameless grace" that is in her hair and face. Once again, it is something internal as well as external that is so attractive about this woman. Although this poem begins with the image of a woman walking, there are no images given by Byron of her legs or arms or feet; this is a head poem, confined to hair, eyes, face, cheeks, and brows. The conclusion to the second stanza contains insight into "the dwelling place" of the woman's thoughts, creating an insight into her mind by using alliteration. The repetition of the "s" sounds is soothing in the phrase "serenely sweet express," because "Byron is referring to her thoughts, and her thoughts are serene and pure"(25). In the third and final stanza, Byron concludes the poem

Burger King Business Communication Case Study

Burger King Business Communication Case Study Burger King is a fast food Corporation. It is the second largest fast-food chain in the United States, trailing only McDonalds. The company franchises more than 10,400 restaurants and owns about 1,000 for a chain wide total exceeding 11,455, with locations in all 50 states and 56 countries. The company serves 15.7 million customers each day and over 2.4 billion Burger King Hamburgers are sold each year across the globe. Miami entrepreneurs James McLamore and David Edgerton founded Burger King Corporation in 1954. REASONING The reason as to why I have chosen to write a report on Burger King is to illustrate its communication strategies and its communication effectiveness. Business Demographics Demographics are attributes used for marketing purposes. Burger King uses the means of networking, media and the internet to communicate between different locations. The organisation uses its demographical strategies to meets it consumer interests and also for profitability to the company. Burg er King’s demographic strategy is well planned and well laid out, making it easy to market the organisation to its customers who are from different age groups and from different cultural backgrounds. Organisational Goals Burger King’s main aims and objectives are to serve its customers with the bests meals and services a fast food company could possibly provide. To achieve this, the organisation has a zero compromise policy for the communication of its aims and objectives. The aims and objectives are highly important to the organisation, for it is the only way the organisation maintains its integrity amongst it competitors and its customers. Burger King’s aims and objectives are well set and structured, making it relatively easy to communicate them within the organisation and also to its customers. The organisation’s main source to communicate its aims and objectives are through the media, banners, coupons, handouts and also through the internet. ORGANISA TIONAL CULTURE AND ETHICS Burger King is an organisation that serves customers from various backgrounds and cultures. This makes it extremely important to manage communication in the most delicate manner as possible. The organisation has to keep in mind that not all customers consume all the menus the company offers. For example: customers who are from an Indian background won’t eat beef, customers who are from a Muslim background won’t eat pork. Its vital information like these that the organisation has to keep track of in order to meet the needs of people who are from different backgrounds and cultures. Management of Knowledge Resource Management of knowledge resources is critical for any organisation. It helps in ensuring that vital knowledge is passed on within the organisation so that the organisation can maintain its ever long trend of providing the quality of work or service as it has been providing in the past. Burger King is one such Organisation that takes pr ide in its quality of service that it has been known of providing. Achieving this however took a lot of work and experience for the organisation. To ensure that knowledge and experience is passed on within the organisation, the Burger King Management team relies heavily on their old staffs who possess the skills and experience needed for the organisation to maintain its quality of work. The old staff members train and groom the new recruits so that they can cope with the organisations requirement standards and deliver quality services to its customers. The Management team of Burger King also holds staff meetings and orientations to ensure that vital knowledge and experience is equally shared amongst each and every member of the team. The also shuffle the teams together so that there is an equal balance of knowledge and experience within the teams.

Managerial Decision Making essay 8 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managerial Decision Making 8 - Essay Example Most researchers explain analogical thinking as the process of remembering a situation of the past and abstracting information from the same in order to develop better understanding of the present situation (Foreman & Selly, 2001). The purchasing decisions of individuals are influenced by analogical reasoning. It is considered as a technique which shoppers use to increase the satisfaction regarding the purchased commodity or service (Foreman & Selly, 2001). Last week when I was purchasing a mobile handset, I adhered to the information that was provided to me by the store keeper. Instead, if I had used my own analogical reasoning, perhaps I could have made a better purchase. Through analogical reasoning I could have analyzed my previous experiences with different brands. Analogical reasoning could have also helped me to consider and match my needs with the offerings of the product and chose more wisely. Biased behavior is a common issue faced in the daily lives of most individuals. Biasness refers to supporting a particular theory, an individual or to think in a particular manner without being rational. Biasness from others may arise out of different reasons such as lack of knowledge, attachment with particular individuals or the lack of familiarity with certain situations. Biasness may often cause individuals to take wrong decisions (Frame, 2012). Biased thinking may also arise out of individual heuristics. Heuristics is the process of taking decisions quickly without analyzing the same in depth or logically. Such an effect leads to the generation of cognitive biasness. Biased judgment can also arise out of wishful thinking. Wishful thinking and beliefs of individuals may act as suitable motivations for biased decision making. Understanding other people’s biasness is an important aspect while working in teams or while taking decisions collectively. This helps in understandi ng the motive behind their biased thinking. Once the motive is

Organizational Change Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Change Final - Assignment Example Apart from the increase in salaries, workers are motivated by various factors such as increased commission, training, freedom to join trade unions, training, gifts, holidays, promotion and increased responsibilities among other factors. On their part, the management team should ensure that employees are involved in the decision making process and that a proper management style is adopted. For example, employees should be provided with a chance to provide feedback on the various issues affecting their organization. In this way, they feel as part and parcel of the entity thus taking every measure to safeguard the image of the company. One of the notable global companies that have been successful in meeting the needs of its consumers at the local and international market is Walmart Stores Incorporation. Walmart Incorporation, a US based firm with over two million employees has not only maintained a strong brand but also it has created a stiff competition in the retail industry. This pap er discusses the strategies that Walmart Company needs to emulate in order to bring change and bring about a transformation in the organization. Company Overview With its headquarters based in Bentonville US, Walmart Company was established in 1962 by Sam Walton. The company started to trade its shares in the New York Stock Exchange in 1972 thus making it to generate significant amount of capital that it used in its expansion strategies. Based on the effective leadership of Robson Walton and Doug McMillon, the chairman and the president respectively, the company has established more than 8,500 stores in 15 countries thus making it to effectively face off it competitors including Tesco and Target Companies. Due to its strong brand image and strong promotional and advertisement strategies, Walmart has continued to enjoy high sales and sustainable profitability. For example, in 2013, it generated total revenue of US$ 469.162 billion while its total net income stood at US$ 16.999Â  bil lion. Similarly, the company total assets in 2013 stood at US$ 203.105Â  billion while the operating income was US$ 27.801Â  billion. Walmart Stores US, the biggest division makes a significant contribution on the company sales. This is based on the establishment of wide range of products that meets high demand as the result of the US high population as well as quality brands that meets the needs of its customers. The three notable outlets that make up Walmart Stores US include Supercentres, Walmart market and Discount Stores (Lichtenstein, 2009). One of the key strategies that have made Walmart to attain a competitive position in the market is its focus of attracting large number of customers from various regions by introducing brands that matches with their cultural background. For example, in its effort to attract the Hispanic communities, the company established the Supermercado de Walmart in 2009 that offers wide range of food products among other brands that are highly deman ded by the community. As a result, the company has maintained a strong positive relationship with the consumers an aspect that has made it to continue enjoying high sales and profits (Sandra and Scott, 1997). Other operating divisions for the company include Vudu, Walmart international, Sam’

Special Needs and the ESL Culture Essay Example for Free

Special Needs and the ESL Culture Essay Special education students are unique because teachers have to do more to teach them than regular students. They already have issues that impair their learning, so it is important that teachers work to individualize instruction as much as possible. This will help ensure the most success. Students who are from another culture, those who do not speak English as their first language, pose additional obstacles for the teacher. First, the teacher has to figure out what part of the student’s delay is caused by limited English proficiency, and what part is caused by the actual disability. This can be time-consuming and difficult, especially if language development is part of their disability. This will affect the way the teacher presents the material. Visual instruction would be most beneficial since there is no language barrier. Second, the teacher has to learn how much English is spoken at home. If the parents speak fluently, then they can take part in helping the student. If the parents are learning themselves, the teacher will have to adapt homework so that they will be able to assist their child. Collaboration is the key for students, parents, and teachers to feel they are doing the most and getting the best results for special needs, ESL students (Collaboration, para 3). If another language is spoken at home, it will take the student even longer to catch up. The teacher could send home material to help parents talk to their child. Students who come from other cultures also may not be prepared for the schedule of a typical school day here in the U. S. A full day of school might be too taxing at the beginning, so the teacher would have to have many breaks built in to the daily activities. It is important that teachers pay attention to the student’s needs since they may not be able to communicate them. Students will also not know what to expect when they are first learning the routine of school here. Picture schedules could be vital in ensuring the student’s feel the safety of a daily routine. The native cultural traditions will also affect how teachers teach in this environment. Some students may be absent for religious holidays when school is in session. Some students may talk about upcoming holidays that we do not have. Teachers should be thoughtful and try to include as many of the customs and traditions as they can. A Cinco de Mayo party may be just the activity to make the student feel welcome and wanted. A final way that ESL students affect the class is their interactions with the other students. The ESL student may try to talk with another student, but because of the language barrier, the student may not be able to understand. The teacher needs to be available to let the student know they did a good job in initiating conversation, and then try to translate so the other student remains engaged. There are so many different factors that make up a special needs class. The delays in development can be ever further hindered if the student is not fluent in English. While there are more obstacles if students do not speak English as their native language, there are also opportunities. The teacher can help ensure the students feel at home here, and that the other students learn to appreciate their culture as well. Works Cited â€Å"Collaboration in Schools Serving Students with Limited English Proficiency and Other Special Needs. † Web. 11 May 2009. http://www. apples4theteacher. com/resources/modules. php? op= modloadname=Newsfile=articlesid=48mode=threadorder=0thold=0.

Analysis of the Running Man :: essays research papers fc

Analysis of the Running Man Sometimes there are hurdles in life that require great courage to overcome. We must utilize our inner strengths to motivate these courageous actions. Loren Eiseley sets an example of this in The Running Man- a chapter from his autobiography, All the Strange Hours. In this essay he reveals memories that show his lonely childhood which gives him the courage to overcome his problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loneliness is what ultimately sparks his courageous action later on in his life. â€Å"I remember the pacing, the endless pacing of my parents after midnight, while I lay shivering in the cold bed and tried to understand the words that passed between my mother and my father.†(Eisley,337) This quote taken from the running man is just one example of his deep loneliness that he was faced with as a child. Even when he was around his family he still felt lonely. Whenever he came upon a ruined farmhouse and found old papers scattered across the floor that shared his last name, he realized that a German possibly like him had lived there. He was amazed that his family hadn’t known this family. If only the family could have still lived there he would possibly have companions that were a lot like him. After years of torment by his loneliness he grasps his courage and runs. Eiseley is always running, through his childhood and most of his adult life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He felt there was more out there for him. The life he was living was inadequate. This determination is a product of his childhood aspirations for a better life. This is proven by his childhood tradition of burying things and digging them up again instead of participating in childish games. Eiseley does not know why he would dig in the dirt or play with the gravel. â€Å"There was a lot of building being done then on our street. I used to spend hours turning over the gravel. Why, I wouldn’t know.†(338) As a child he embraces the rush of discovery and the thrill of adventure in his seemingly insignificant dirt pile. He was fueled by a unknown force in his childhood to discover more in life. This gave him the courage to leave home and discover things like science and anthropology.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It takes great courage for Eisley to return to his mother’s grave. In an affect this completes the circle of his life.

Slim Wave in Singapore

A number of diet pill manufacturers from China, such as Kunming Dali Industry and Guangzhou Shining Trading, are riding on Singapore’s â€Å"slim wave† to make money. In Asia, the idea of a slim figure has turned from a Hollywood-induced dream into an obsession. The glossy magazines geared toward women have covers adorned with slim, petite models. Local newspapers constantly feature advertisements portraying slim actresses and models who have transformed themselves from bloated balloons into sunbathing beauties.Slimming is increasingly seen as one of the panaceas for Singapore’s societal ills, many young women feel that being slimmer can change the way they feel about themselves. The obesity rate among young Chinese women in Singapore is only 4. 2 percent. However, Singapore is ranked fifth in per capita consumption of diet pills in the world. Even the women who are not obese are taking diet pills to be slimmer. This has led to a whole host of products claiming t o reduce weight with little effort flooding the market.Advertisements claim that they promote â€Å"the natural way to losing weight,† that they allow women to â€Å"lose kilograms without avoiding [their] favorite foods. † The idea they sell—that a natural product or method can reduce weight without exercise or diet—is obviously tempting. However, most of these over-the-counter diet pills have negative side effects, and often go to market without undergoing comprehensive clinical tests. The Health Services Authority of Singapore requires that all diet pills sold in Singapore should list ingredients visibly.Since most of these products use the natural herbal name, the exact nature of the chemicals used remains unknown to the user. In addition, the Internet offers the average Singaporean buyer another host of â€Å"slimming medicines† that are not bound by these regulations, and fail to list ingredients at all. 3 The tragic incidents in Singapore ca used by the Slim 10 pills created a wave of shock among the health professionals and authorities around the globe in 2002.Andrea De Cruz, a 28-year-old TV actress suffered a failed liver because she was on Slim 10 diet pills for two months, but her life was saved by her fiance’s kindness to donate part of his liver to her. A43- year-old woman, Selvarani Raja, was not so lucky, and she died of liver failure from taking Slim 10 pills. Unfortunately, these tragic cases have been all but forgotten, and the Singapore market for such drugs is more flooded than ever before. Pharmacies sell these pills in their main aisles, in plain sight.Diet pill advertorials constantly air on radio stations; many blogs claim to provide positive information on the new medications and their supposed effectiveness. The Singapore government has initiated a number of programs to promote healthier diet and regular exercise to control obesity, through community organizations. In spite of this, the usage of diet pills is increasing. With good weather year-round and well laid-out jogging and cycling tracks throughout the islands, what is stopping Singaporeans from sweating it out, and choosing quick-fix, hazardous medication instead? Slim Wave in Singapore A number of diet pill manufacturers from China, such as Kunming Dali Industry and Guangzhou Shining Trading, are riding on Singapore’s â€Å"slim wave† to make money. In Asia, the idea of a slim figure has turned from a Hollywood-induced dream into an obsession. The glossy magazines geared toward women have covers adorned with slim, petite models. Local newspapers constantly feature advertisements portraying slim actresses and models who have transformed themselves from bloated balloons into sunbathing beauties.Slimming is increasingly seen as one of the panaceas for Singapore’s societal ills, many young women feel that being slimmer can change the way they feel about themselves. The obesity rate among young Chinese women in Singapore is only 4. 2 percent. However, Singapore is ranked fifth in per capita consumption of diet pills in the world. Even the women who are not obese are taking diet pills to be slimmer. This has led to a whole host of products claiming t o reduce weight with little effort flooding the market.Advertisements claim that they promote â€Å"the natural way to losing weight,† that they allow women to â€Å"lose kilograms without avoiding [their] favorite foods. † The idea they sell—that a natural product or method can reduce weight without exercise or diet—is obviously tempting. However, most of these over-the-counter diet pills have negative side effects, and often go to market without undergoing comprehensive clinical tests. The Health Services Authority of Singapore requires that all diet pills sold in Singapore should list ingredients visibly.Since most of these products use the natural herbal name, the exact nature of the chemicals used remains unknown to the user. In addition, the Internet offers the average Singaporean buyer another host of â€Å"slimming medicines† that are not bound by these regulations, and fail to list ingredients at all. 3 The tragic incidents in Singapore ca used by the Slim 10 pills created a wave of shock among the health professionals and authorities around the globe in 2002.Andrea De Cruz, a 28-year-old TV actress suffered a failed liver because she was on Slim 10 diet pills for two months, but her life was saved by her fiance’s kindness to donate part of his liver to her. A43- year-old woman, Selvarani Raja, was not so lucky, and she died of liver failure from taking Slim 10 pills. Unfortunately, these tragic cases have been all but forgotten, and the Singapore market for such drugs is more flooded than ever before. Pharmacies sell these pills in their main aisles, in plain sight.Diet pill advertorials constantly air on radio stations; many blogs claim to provide positive information on the new medications and their supposed effectiveness. The Singapore government has initiated a number of programs to promote healthier diet and regular exercise to control obesity, through community organizations. In spite of this, the usage of diet pills is increasing. With good weather year-round and well laid-out jogging and cycling tracks throughout the islands, what is stopping Singaporeans from sweating it out, and choosing quick-fix, hazardous medication instead?

Evidence For Prescribing Fluoride Varnishes Health And Social Care Essay

Dental cavities is one of the most common disease processes across all populations throughout the universe and a cardinal factor in dental hurting and tooth loss. Caries is a procedure that can happen on any tooth surface in the oral cavity where alveolar consonant plaque is able to develop over clip. Bing a biofilm, plaque contains many different microorganisms that work together and are continually active. Some of these bacteriums are able to ferment soluble saccharides to bring forth acids, ensuing in a bead in sourness below pH 5 and hence doing demineralization of the enamel surface. Acid is neutralized by spit and the demineralization procedure halted, as the pH rises, mineral may be regained and remineralisation can happen. If the cumulative consequence of these procedures is a net loss in mineral, a carious lesion will be observed. The carious procedure is hence natural and can non be prevented nevertheless with suited intercession, the patterned advance into a seeable lesion can be avoided1. The bar of cavities is considered more cost-efficient than intervention and is hence considered a priority2. Fluoride varnishes since the 1960 ‘s have been clinically utilized for this reason17,18. Application of concentrated fluoride varnishes to tooth surfaces consequences in the formation of Ca fluoride. As the sourness of the environment additions, a greater sum of enamel disintegration occurs and hence an copiousness of ionic Ca allows for a considerable sum of Ca fluoride formation. Significant precipitation of spherical globules of Ca fluoride in dental plaque and unaccessible countries is of great benefit leting for important remineralisation due to the high concentration of free ionic Ca available3. Fluoride besides has a direct consequence on bacterial metamorphosis ( see appendix 4, table 1 for details16 ) .MethodOf the three surveies reviewed, one was carried out in Sweden4, one in Florida5 and one in San Francisco6. In these trials,1375 participants were studied ru ning from ?1.8 to 16 old ages old and followed for periods between 9 months and 3 old ages. Each survey had a specific purposes, one focused on a school based fluoride varnish programme and the patterned advance and incidence of approximal cavities from high, medium and low socio-economic backgrounds4. Another concerned the efficaciousness of fluoride varnish in add-on to reding in the bar of early childhood caries6, whilst the concluding survey evaluated the consequence of fluoride varnish on enamel cavities patterned advance in the primary dentition5. The chief features of each survey and their consequences are displayed in Appendices 14, 25 and 36. Randomization was used to delegate participants into each of the groups in all tests and one study6 outlined the allotment technique used. Two surveies were individual blind4,5 where the tooth doctor was incognizant of the group allotments and one was conducted as a dual blind trial6. All surveies used Duraphat ( 5 % Sodium Fluoride 22,600 F-ppm ) with two studies5,6 using varnish to all tooth surfaces and the 3rd study4 using varnish merely to approximal surfaces from the distal surface of the eyetooths to the mesial surface of the 2nd grinders. Two surveies stated the sum of fluoride varnish to be used ; 0.1ml per arch6 and ?0.3ml in total4. Examination techniques differed amongst the three selected surveies. One conducted a ocular scrutiny three times6, another conducted four overall bitewing radiogram at baseline and after the trial4. The 3rd conducted both radiographic bitewings and a ocular scrutiny besides at baseline and following the test, explicitly discoursing the method6. All experiments experienced a loss of participants to some grade. Weintraub et al.6 concluded 67 % of participants enrolled at baseline saw the survey through, the test conducted by Autio-Gold et al.5 retained 81 % of initial participants. In the concluding experiment by Sk & A ; ouml ; ld et al.4, 89 % of topics completed the test. Ultimately, all surveies agreed fluoride varnish is of significance in forestalling caries4,5,6 and may be effectual in change by reversaling cavity and crevice enamel lesions5. Findingss were assessed in footings of statistical significance and all three4,5,6 gave P values. Differences in measuring lesions clinically can be seen. Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 used a self-devised numbered marking system to find cavities incidence and patterned advance of carious lesions. Weintraub et al.6 used the NIDCR diagnostic standards for dental caries7 for the appraisal of cavitated, decayed and filled surfaces on primary dentitions and auxiliary criteria8 to name pre-cavitated lesions. Finally Autio-gold et al.5 utilised a marking system9 which differentiates between active and inactive enamel carious lesions.DiscussionAlthough all surveies statistically support the usage of fluoride varnish in the bar of cavities, the methodological analysis of each demand to be considered before any decisions c an be drawn. Double blind randomized control tests are considered the ‘gold criterion ‘ in footings of survey design10 and minimise prejudice. In all of these tests, the tooth doctors were incognizant of patient allocated groups nevertheless in two4,5, the participants were cognizant. This could hold led to bias in those surveies as cognizing they were portion of a test with regular follow up periods, patients may hold been more self-aware with respect to their unwritten wellness and hence take more preventive steps compared to groups with fewer visits. Overall this consequence may give the feeling that a more frequent application of varnish reduces cavities incidence. Sample size demands to be taken into history as a larger cohort will give a more accurate representation of the population, doing Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 the most representative of the three tests. Gender was reasonably every bit distributed in both varnish and hazard groups. This is of significance as it has been shown that females are by and large more compliant than males11 and therefore are more likely to brush on a regular basis, maintaining to the survey design. Bias in this illustration is hence reduced as females are every bit distributed across all groups. Weintraub6 and Autio-Gold5 did non advert gender distribution and hence lend themselves to this prejudice. When sing the clip period in which tests are conducted, a greater clip graduated table allows for a more comprehensive result. Potential side effects of fluoride varnish are more likely to go evident and its anti cavities consequence can be reviewed for any possible alterations as there may be a critical period for which it has consequence. Again, Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 conducted the longest test at 3 old ages and hence in footings of clip period, have the most accurate consequences for effects of fluoride and its side effects, of which they found none. Weintraub et al.6 besides used a sensible clip period and would demo any side-effects or critical periods for fluoride applications, merely one kid in the group having fluoride four times a twelvemonth developed an ulcer on their cheek which had resolved at the following followup. There is no grounds to back up unwritten ulcerations as a consequence of fluoride varnish application. The test conducted Autio-Gold5 was over a shorter period and hence compared to Weintraub6 and Sk & A ; ouml ; l4, can non be as conclusive in critical periods of application and side effects. Follow up periods are of relevancy as changing frequences of application can be assessed for effectivity. Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 utilised the greatest figure of groups with the most differing frequences to set up the most effectual intervals. The method in which fluoride varnish was applied varied and one specific survey, Autio-Gold5, failed to stipulate whether application on all tooth surfaces at the 2nd follow up occurred, as at the baseline. Besides the sum of fluoride varnish applied is non stated as in the two other studies4,6. Therefore the survey can potentially be classified as inconsistent and cogency of the consequences questionable. Application of the varnish was conducted in similar ways across all three tests nevertheless Weintraub et al.6 used ?66 % of the fluoride varnish than Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 and it must be considered that a higher dose of fluoride may hold a greater preventive consequence. The locations in which the surveies took topographic point differ. Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 conducted their probe in Sweden where H2O is fluoridated. Socio-economic position is associated with unwritten health12 and in this survey, the low hazard group had a high socio-economic position. The extra factor nevertheless, is that the location of this group is besides in an country of H2O fluoridization ten times higher than that of the medium or low hazard groups. It has been shown that fluoridization reduces cavities incidence13 intending these participants technically received an increased dose and therefore may hold influenced the consequences to demo a decreased effectivity of fluoride varnish. In the other two studies5,6 this variable was controlled and Weintraub et al.6 ensured participants resided in the country for at least 2 old ages. Age of participants is of importance as striplings in the Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 survey are responsible for their ain unwritten hygiene and it has been shown that 25 % of 14-year-olds do non on a regular basis brush their teeth14,15. Consequences can hence be influenced in this test. If ?25 % participants did non brush on a regular basis, theoretically it would do increased cavities incidence in these people compared to the other 75 % of the cohort and finally give the feeling fluoride varnish has a lesser consequence than in world. Autio-Gold5 and Weintraub6 used primary5 and pre-school6 kids where parents and defenders are more likely to conform to the survey design and better the cogency of the consequences. Consequences were based on the findings of the testers therefore their determinations are important. Autio-Gold5 and Weintraub6 both calibrated testers nevertheless Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 did non advert any dependability apart from re-examining radiogram after 2 months, the consequences of which, are non published. There is hence a possibility of inaccuracy in cavities diagnosing at each follow up, which would give either a greater or lesser perceived fluoride consequence depending on tester tolerance. Caries diagnosing methods vary, ideally a radiographic and ocular scrutiny should be conducted as white topographic point lesions and early cavities can non be seen radiographically, the attack taken by Autio-Gold et al.5. Weintraub et al.6 used merely ocular scrutinies and hence, although improbable, potentially leting for non-cavitated lesions to be missed. Sk & A ; ouml ; l et al.4 took merely radiographs nevertheless this was appropriate as approximal cavities can be merely be s een in this manner. Deviations in protocol can be seen in two surveies. In Sk & A ; ouml ; l et Al. ‘s4 test, all groups received an extra application of fluoride every one-year visit including the control group. Realistically the control group hence received intercession and perchance affected the consequences. Weintraub et al.6 experienced a more terrible divergence. For 10 months, participants received a placebo varnish alternatively of the active merchandise and merely one kid received all four planned applications. Besides 21 applications could non be confirmed as active and were assumed placebo. This may hold given the feeling of a greater good consequence of fluoride varnish if the placebo was active. Any long term positive or negative effects can therefore non be concluded with every bit much assurance as the other two trials4,5 as there was a interruption in the application of active merchandise. A Cochrane systematic review19 determined that on norm, fluoride varnish reduced cavities in the deciduous teething by 33 % and by 46 % in the lasting teething.DecisionIn decision, holding considered the grounds base for the usage of fluoride varnish and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of all mentioned surveies and their restrictions, fluoride varnish is an effectual method in commanding cavities incidence and patterned advance.RecommendationsFluoride varnish should be indicated in all kids and striplings. Adults with a high cavities hazard should besides be considered, such as those with particular demands, dry mouth or active carious lesions. Children and striplings should have application biannually and grownups with carious lesions or particular demands should hold varnish applied between two and four times yearly. No common or serious inauspicious effects have been reported in any surveies. As a safeguard fluoride varnish is contraindicated in terrible asthmatics, ulc erative gingivitis and stomatitis. Besides allergy to seal components is an obvious contraindication.MentionsKidd EAM. Introduction. In: Kidd EAM editor. Necessities of Dental Caries. 3rd erectile dysfunction. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. ; 2005. p. 2-19. Burt BA. Prevention policies in the visible radiation of the changed distribution of dental cavities. Acta Odontologica Scandinavia 1998 ; 56:179-86. Fejerskov O, Kidd EAM. Chemical interactions between the tooth and unwritten fluids. In: 10 Cate JM, Larsen MJ, Pearce EIF, Ferjerskov O, editors. Dental cavities: the disease and its clinical direction. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard ; 2003. p. 49-69. Sk & A ; ouml ; ld UM, Petersson LG, Lith A, Birkhed D. Effect of school-based fluoride varnish programmes on approximal cavities in striplings from different cavities risk countries. Caries Res. 2005 ; 39:273-9. Autio-Gold JT, Courts F. Assessing the consequence of fluoride varnish on early enamel carious lesions in the primary teething. JADA. 2001 Sept ; 132:1247-1253. Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, Shain JS, Hoover CI, Featherstone JDB, Gansky SA. Fluoride varnish efficaciousness in forestalling early childhood cavities. J Dent Res. 2006 Feb ; 85 ( 2 ) :172-6. USDHHS, PHS, NIH, NIDR. Oral wellness studies of the National Institute of Dental Research: diagnostic standards and processs. NIH Publication No 91-2870. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH: 1991. Drury TF, Horowitz AM, Ismail AI, Maertens MP, Rozier RG, Selwitz RH. Diagnosing and describing early childhood cavities for research intents. J Public Health Dent 1999 ; 59:192-7. Nyvad B, Fejerskov O. Assessing the phase of cavities lesion activity on the footing of clinical and microbiological scrutiny. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997 ; 25:69-75. Concato J, N Shah, RI Horwitz. Randomized, controlled tests, experimental surveies, and the hierarchy of research designs. N Engl J Med. 2000 ; 342:1887-92. Kuczynski L, Kochanska G, Radke-Yarrow M, Girnius-Brown O. A developmental reading of immature kids ‘s disobedience. Developmental Psychology. 1987 ; 23,799. Bolin AK, Bolin A, Jansson L, Calltorp J. Children ‘s dental wellness in Europe. Sociodemographic factors associated with dental cavities in groups of 5 and 12-year-old kids from eight EU-countries. Swed Dent J 1997 ; 21:25-40. Brunelle JA, Carlos JP. Recent trends in dental cavities in U.S. kids and the consequence of H2O fluoridization. J Dent Res.1990 Feb ; 69 ( Particular Issue ) :723-7 Klock B, Emilson CG, Lind SO, Gustavsdotter M, Olhede-Westerlund AM. Prediction of cavities activity in kids with today ‘s low cavities incidence. Community Dental Oral Epidemiol. 1989 ; 17:285-8. Koivusilta L, Honkala S, Honkala E, Rimpel & A ; auml ; A. Toothbrushing as portion of the striplings lifestyle predicts education degree. J Dent Res. 2003 ; 82:361-6. Marsh PD. Effect of fluorides on bacterial metamorphosis. In: Bowen WH, editor. Relative efficaciousness of Na fluoride and Na monofluorophosphatae as anti-caries agents in detrifices. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press Limited ; 1995. Bawden JW. Fluoride varnish: a utile new tool for public wellness dental medicine. J Public Health Dent. 1998 ; 58:266-9. Beltran-Aguilar ED, Goldstein JW, Lockwood SA. Fluoride varnishes: a reappraisal of their clinical usage, cariostatic mechanism, efficaciousness and safety. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000 ; 131:589-96. Marinho VCC, Higgins JPT, Logan S, Sheiham A. Fluoride varnishes for forestalling dental cavities in kids and striplings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002 ; 3: CD002279.Appendix 1Sk & A ; ouml ; ld 20054: Methods Randomised control test, individual blind to dentist. 11 % bead out after 3 old ages. Reasons for bead out include traveling off from country and non go toing all Sessionss. Overall 96 losingss. Participants 758 participants analysed at 3 old ages ( concluding scrutiny ) Average age at get downing: 13 old ages Exposure to other fluoride: H2O, toothpaste, varnish at annually check-up Year survey began: 1998 Location: Sverige Interventions Fluoride varnish Duraphat ( 22,600 ppm F- ) ( 3 groups ) vs. control group: Group 1: F- varnish 2x yearly at 6 month intervals Group 2: F- varnish 3x yearly within one hebdomad Group 3: F- varnish 8x yearly with 1 month intervals Control group: No intercession Teeth cleaned with toothbrush without toothpaste and interproximally cleaned utilizing dental floss Applied ?0.3ml with syringe on all approximal surfaces from distal of eyetooth to mesial of 2nd grinder. Results Prevented fraction in per centum in the different cavities risk countries and all countries together ( Table 3 ) 4 Areas Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 All countries 57 % 47 % 76 % Low hazard 20 % 68 % 50 % Medium hazard 66 % 31 % 83 % High hazard 69 % 54 % 82 % Notes Participants randomised ( n=854 ) All groups including control exposed to fluoride at one-year cheque up Figures and tabular arraies demoing consequences from Sk & A ; ouml ; ld et al.4Appendix 2Autio-Gold 20015: Methods Randomised control test, individual blind to dentist. 19 % bead out rate after 9 months. Due to backdown of school programme, traveling from country, refusal to go on and six topics necessitating renewing intervention instantly after survey began. Overall 35 losingss. Participants 148 participants analysed at 9 months ( concluding scrutiny ) Average age at get downing: 3 to 5 old ages Exposure to other fluoride: H2O Year survey began: Not stated Location: Florida, USA Interventions Fluoride varnish Duraphat ( 22,600 ppm F- ) Varnish group: 2x over 9 months, one time at baseline and one time after 4 months Control group: No intercession In dental clinic, dried dentition with tight air and applied varnish with little coppice to all tooth surfaces. In school dentitions dried with unfertile cotton sponges and varnish applied to all tooth surfaces with coppice. Result Change in carious activity between varnish and control group Group No alteration ( i.e. still active ) Inactive lesions ( i.e. no longer active ) Varnish 8.2 % 81.2 % Control 36.9 % 37.8 % Notes Participants randomised ( n=183 ) Does non province whether or non varnish was applied to all surfaces during the 2nd visit in varnish group. Besides how much varnish applied in both visits. Figures and tabular arraies demoing consequences from Autio-Gold et al.5:Appendix 3Weintraub 20066: Methods Randomised controlled dual blind test. 33 % bead out rate after 2 old ages. 51 discontinued from survey due to cavities. Participants 202 participants analysed at 2 old ages ( concluding scrutiny ) Average age at get downing: 1.8 old ages Exposure to other fluoride: H2O Year survey began: 2002 Location: San Francisco, USA Interventions Fluoride varnish Duraphat ( 22,600 ppm F- ) Group 1: F- varnish 4x over 2 old ages ( baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months ) Group 2: F- varnish 2x over 2 old ages ( baseline and 12 months ) Control group: Parental guidance All groups received parental guidance. 0.1ml applied per arch. Dried with gauze and varnish brushed onto all surfaces of all dentitions. For control group, teeth dried and gauze folded dry surface brushed onto dentitions and therefore health professionals unaware of groups. Results Cavities activity across the three groups: No cavities Cavities Group 1 67 3 Group 2 59 10 Control 48 15 Notes Participants randomised utilizing computing machine generated random assignment ( n=384 ) . 75 % kids intended to have two applications merely received one ; 15 % received two. 49 % kids intended to have four applications merely received two. One kid received four applications. For five hebdomads, 21 varnish applications could non be confirmed as active – assumed placebo. Figures and tabular arraies demoing consequences from Weintraub et al.6:

Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa

yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realization of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b... Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Free Essays on Yukichi Fukuzawa Yukichi Fukuzawa’s Autobiography offers an in depth view on one man’s dreams and hopes for a better Japan and how those dreams can become a reality. Fukuzawa lived during one of the most incredible changes in Japanese history, the Meiji Restoration, and was one of the biggest supporters for opening the country to foreign thought and civilization. Fukuzawa dreamed of a nation were the strict class system did not exist and a nation that welcomed foreign influence openly and warmly. Fukuzawa writes, â€Å"The final purpose of all my work was to create in Japan a civilized nation as well equipped in the arts of war and peace as those of the Western world. I acted as if I had become the sole functioning agent for the introduction of Western learning† (214). This one simple statement sums up one man’s life dream in a few words yet can not capture the drive and struggles that Fukuzawa went through during this period of change. Along the road to the realizati on of his vision Fukuzawa encountered distaste from fellow clansmen and anti-foreign aggressors, yet with quiet determination and willing students from across the country Fukuzawa saw his country open its borders to Western civilization and embrace it fully. To understand why Fukuzawa strived for the complete dismissal of the Confusion feudal society that had existed for two and a half centuries prior to his birth, one must understand Fukuzawa’s childhood and studies as a student of Dutch and English. Fukuzawa’s father was a low ranking samurai, thus according to the Japanese class system at the time, Fukuzawa was born with the same class and rank as his father. His father died while Fukuzawa was still a toddler and his family moved back to their mother’s clan village and lived in relative poverty. Since an early age Fukuzawa’s mother had told him that his father had always dreamed that he would become a priest, Fukuzawa interpreted this as his father wanting him to b...

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Trace the complex seemingly contradictory relationship between the Essay

Trace the complex seemingly contradictory relationship between the exotic 'newness' of primitivism and the urge to explore ethnic or national roots - Essay Example The canvas included portraits, still lifes, landscape, verve, nudes of spontaneity with rich textured surfaces, bold colors and lively linear patterns. The Fauves used startling contrasts of emerald green, vermilion, vivid orange and cerulean blue in bold strokes and sweeping brush strokes. Fauves desired to use both sides of Expressionism. Outward expression was expressed in the bold release of internal thoughts in wild color, brutal and powerful brushworks and the depiction of inward expression awakened the emotion of the viewers through the designs. There was no official organization of Fauve painters. The laxity of stylistic affinities and personal connections led the Fauve movement to disintegrate as soon as the art form emerged. The artists who followed Fauve principles departed from the idea and followed their own personal styles. The short tenure of Fauvism however made remarkable contribution to the art of painting by experimenting expressive, structural and aesthetic capabi lities. Henri Matisse was a prominent figure among the Fauve group.1 German Expressionism evolved from Fauvism and moved beyond the art in compelling, dramatic portrayal of people and scenes. Three main groups of German Expressionism were Die Brucke, Der Blaue Reiter and Die Neue Sachlichkeit. Der Blaue Reiter  or the Blue Rider group took shape in Munich which is home of avant-garde New Artist Association. The most famous artist of Der Blaue Reiter was Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. Der Blaue Reiter was a loose association with artists like Paul Klee, August Macke and Gabriele Munter. The objective of the Blue Rider was to infuse art with spiritual values with the use of color. Blue riders mean vague. Marc instilled the idea that animal had innocence and so it is superior to human. The Blue Rider Expressions are mild forms which are seen in Cossacks by Kandinsky, Little Blue Horse and The Little Blue Horses by